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Classification of Organisms 
Chapter Seventeen 
Biodiversity 
● Biodiversity is a branch of biology that investigates the variety of organisms on Earth 
● The discovery of new species on Earth has grown over the past century as scientists 
have learned more about ecosystems 
● Biologists have named and classified almost 2 million species, but they estimate that 
the total number of species on Earth is much greater 
● This brings biologists to the question, “how can we organize this knowledge of such 
diversity in a way that makes sense
...
jellyfish: jelly-like body but not a fish 
● Therefore, in the mid 1700’s a naturalist named Carl Linnaeus devised a system of 
grouping organisms into hierarchical categories according to their form and structure 

Binomial Nomenclature 
● Each organism identified of earth has been given a scientific name consists of two parts: 
○ Genus 
○ Species 
● The genus and species name is always italicized when typed or underlines when 
handwritten
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○ Ex
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● This includes three domains and six kingdoms 

Cladograms 
● Cladograms are diagrams that can show the relationship between organisms (like a 
phylogenetic tree) 
● In cladograms, a clade is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its 
descendants 
● A shared character is a feature that all members of a group have in common 
● A derived character is a feature that evolved only within the group under consideration 

Evolution of Cladograms 
● Older cladograms were designed to group organisms based on their shared physical 
traits 
● However, with advances in DNA technology, most cladograms are designed to group 
organisms based on their shared genetic makeup

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