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Table of Contents
Physics
Chapter

Topic

Page

36
37

Measurement and Units
Energy

72
73

38

Speed, Velocity and Acceleration

75

39

Mass, Density and Flotation

76

40

Force, Work and Power

77

41

Weight

78

42
43

Turning Forces and Centre of Gravity
Pressure

79
80

44

Heat

81

45

Temperature

82

46

Light

83

47

Sound

85

48
49

Magnetism
Static Electricity

86
87

50

Current Electricity

88

51

Electricity in the Home

90

52

Electronics

91

Exam Breakdown
Section
Biology
· Q1

Marks (390)
52

Time (120mins)
18

· Q2
· Q3
Chemistry
· Q4

39
39
52

11
11
18

· Q5
· Q6
Physics
· Q7

39
39
52

11
11
18

· Q8
· Q9

39
39

11
11

For full revision of the Junior Certificate Science course students should also
revise all designated experiments as seen in their Junior Certificate Science
textbook
...
Measurements and
Units
Quantity

SI Unit

Symbol

Length

Meter

m

Mass

Kilogram

kg

Time

Second

s

Area

Square meter

m2

Volume

Cubic meter

m3

Measuring Length
Straight line

Ruler/meter stick

Short curved line

Opsimeter

Long curved line

Trundle wheel

Diameter/width of solids

Vernier callipers

Measuring Area
Regular shape

Length x breadth

Irregular shape

Trace onto graph paper and count the
boxes

Measuring Volume
Regular shaped object
Irregular shaped object

Length x height x breadth
Place in overflow can (volume
displaced = volume of object)

liquids

Graduated cylinder

Ch 37
...


Forms of Energy
1
...

3
...

5
...

7
...


Insulation
·
·
·
·
·

Used to prevent heat loss in the home
Glass fibre in attic floor
Lagging jacket on hot water tank
Air cavity in walls
Double glaze windows

Energy Supplies
Non-renewable/finite sources
· Fossil fuels
· Eg
...
Solar, hydro-electric, wind, wave, biomass, geothermal

Sun – Our Primary Source of Energy

Light – used by green plants to carry out photosynthesis
...


Nuclear Energy
Energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms released when atoms (eg
...


Ch 38
...

· Unit – m/s
· Speed = distance ÷ time

Velocity
· The velocity of an object is its speed in a given direction
· Eg
...

· Decceleration refers to a decrease in velocity

· Unit – m/s

2

· Acceleration = change in velocity ÷ time take

Ch 39
...

· Units – kg, g
...

Ice is less dense than water, therefore it floats on water
...


Ch 40
...
Measured
in Newtons
...


Friction
The force which prevents easy movement between two objects in contact
...

· Work = force x distance
· Unit – newton meters (Nm) or Joules (J)

Power
· Power refers to the rate at which work is done
...
Weight
The weight of an object is the force of gravity acting on it
...

Weight = mass x gravity (earths gravity is 10 Newtons per kg)
eg
...


Ch 42
...

Moment of a force = force x perpendicular distance from the fulcrum
...


Law of the Lever
A lever is balanced when clockwise moments and anti-clockwise moments are
equal
...


Equilibrium
An object that is balanced and not moving is said to be in equilibrium
...
Pressure
Pressure
· Pressure is force per unit area
...
Pressure increases with depth
...
Pressure acts equally in all directions
...

Water has a lower boiling point at higher altitudes as there is less pressure being
exerted on the surface of the water so the molecules need less heat energy to
evaporate
...
Normal atmospheric pressure is
76 cms of mercury
...
Heat
Heat is a form of energy and is measured in Joules

Heat Transfer
1
...

Insulator – A substance which does not allow heat to pass through easily
eg
...
Convection
Convection is the transfer of heat through a liquid/gas where particles move
up and carry heat
...
Radiaton
Radiation is the transfer of heat in rays from a hot object, without needing a
medium to pass through
...

Dull black surfaces radiate heat out and absorb heat better than bright shiny
surfaces
...


Bimetallic Strip
2 metals riveted together
...
Used in fire alarms
...
Temperature
Temperature is a measure of how hot an object is
...
When the bulb is heated, the mercury expands and rises
...


Latent Heat
Latent heat is the heat given out or taken in without changing the temperature of
the substance when a substance changes its state
...
Light
· Light is a form of energy
...


Reflection
Reflection occurs when light bounces back off a surface
...

A periscope is an application of reflection
...
The
light ray is pulled towards the denser substance
...


Colours
White light is a mixture of the 7 colours of the spectrum red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, indigo, violet
...
This is done
using a prism

Ch 47
...

Sound needs a medium(gas, liquid or solid) to pass through
...

Ultrasound – this is a note of very high frequency humans cannot hear
...

· Ships use it to determine the depth of water
...


Speed of Sound
Speed = distance ÷ time
Sound travel quickest through solids, and slowest through liquids
...
Magnetism
Substances which can be magnetised are iron, steel, nickel, cobalt
...

· The north pole of a freely suspended magnet always points north
...


Magnetic Compass
Magnetic compasses contain a small magnet balanced on a thin spindle which is
free to move
...


Magnetic Fields
The magnetic field of a magnet is the space around the
magnet where a magnetic forces can be seen
...

Magnetic field lines always run from North to South
...
Its north pole is in
the earths southern hemisphere and its south pole is in the earths northern
hemisphere
...
Static Electricity
Electricity is a form of energy which can be converted into other forms of
energy
...

Friction causes the atoms of some materials to lose their electrons
...

Unlike charges attract, like charges repel
...

Lighting occurs when static electricity builds up on clouds
...


Ch 50
...

Conductors are materials which allow electric current to flow through them
freely
...


Voltage (V)
· Voltage is the difference in electrical pressure between the negative and
positive terminal
...

· Unit – Volts
· Electrons are pumped from high electrical pressure at the negative
terminal to low electrical pressure at the positive terminal
...

Current is measured using an ampmeter
...


Resistance (R)
· Resistance is the ability a substance has to resist the flow of electricity in
a circuit
...


Ohm’s Law
At constant temperature, the voltage, is always proportional to the
current in a circuit
...
The more
resisters there are, the less current flows, and therefore bulbs glow dimmer
...
More power is used, but the bulbs do not lose any brightness
...
Heating
This occurs in resistors eg
...

2
...

Applications - electromagnets and electric motors
...
Chemical
This is seen in the electrolysis of water where electricity is used to break
down water into its elements
...


Ch 51
...


Fuse
A fuse is a safety device which cuts off the current in a circuit if the current
goes above a certain level
...

Fuses are always placed on the live wire
...


Plugs

Measuring Electricity
The unit of electrical power is the Watt (W) This describes how quickly an
appliance converts electrical energy into other forms of energy
...


Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current
DC moves in one direction only

AC changes direction 100 times per
second
...


Ch 52
...

Forward Based – a diode is forward based if the positive end of the battery is
connected to the positive end of the diode
...

Reverse Biased – a diode is reverse biased if the positive end of the battery is
not connected to the positive end of the diode
...

Uses of Diodes
· Controls the direction in which current flows
...


Light Emitting Diode (LED)
LED’s must be used in series with a resistors so not to damage the LED
...

· Display numbers on clocks and calculators
...
LDR’s are used to control
street lighting
...
These booklets were produced by
Niamh O’Dowd and Ciara Kinsella
...
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written
permission of Study Smart Revision Guides

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