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Unit 11- Assignment 5- P7

The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph that helps rid the body of toxins,
waste products and other unwanted materials
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Unit 11- Assignment 5- M5
The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph that helps rid the body of toxins,
waste products and other unwanted materials
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The immune system can
identify numerous threats, such as viruses, bacteria and parasites
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Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures
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Lymph nodes also contain lymph, the clear fluid that carries those cells to different
parts of the body
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Spleen: The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body
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The spleen also controls the amount of blood in the body and recycles old or
damaged blood cells
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The spongy tissue
inside some bones contains stem cells
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Lymphocytes are small white blood cells which defend the body against disease
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B-cells and T-cells
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T-cells
help destroy infected or cancerous cells
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Helper T-cells help determine which immune responses the body
makes to a specific pathogen
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It can trigger or maintain the production
of antibodies that can result in muscle weakness
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Lymphocytes
Small leucocytes with little cytoplasm and spherical nuclei, which originate from stem cells in the
bone marrow
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Lymphocytes can only be
activated by one particular antigen
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B-cells produce antibodies
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Helper T-cells: Help the humoral response by involvement in the maturation of B-cells and by
triggering the production of antibodies by B-cells
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1
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3
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Virus attaches to and enters the host
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Killer T-cell attaches to viral antigen on infected cell
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Killer T-cells and cancer:
1
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3
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As cell becomes cancerous, mutations take place
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Killer T-cell binds to abnormal antigens
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Memory T-cells: Work in the same way as the memory B-cells, ensuring rapid response on
subsequent exposure to the same non-self antigens
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Unit 11- Assignment 5- D3
Acute lymphatic leukaemia
This type of leukaemia affects the lymphoid cells (lymphocytes), which form lymphoid or lymphatic
tissue
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This cancer starts from the lymphocytes in
the bone marrow
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After, they
can spread to the other parts of the body
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Leukaemia can spread very quickly
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Hodgkin's disease
Hodgkin's disease is a type of cancer which starts in lymphocytes
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Different types of lymphomas are different in their characteristics, how they spread
and respond to treatment
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Hodgkin's disease can occur in both children and adults
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It often starts in the lymph
nodes in the upper part of the body
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Hodgkin's disease often spreads through the lymph vessels, across the lymph nodes
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e
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There are two types of Hodgkin's disease which have different characteristics: classic Hodgkin's
disease and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease
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Classic Hodgkin's disease is the most common of all cases in MEDC's
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These calls are much larger than normal lymphocytes
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The enlarged lymph nodes in classic Hodgkin's disease usually have a
small number of cancer cells and a large number of surrounding normal immune cells, which mainly
account for the enlarged lymph nodes
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It is mainly
these other immune cells that account for the enlarged lymph nodes
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The cancer cells are
large, popcorn-shaped cells called which are variants of the cancer cells in classic Hodgkin's disease
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It can occur in people of
any age; it is more common in men than in women
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3-10
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3-10
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However, if there is a disease of the lymphatic system, the whole white
blood cell count can increase to around 13 x 103/mm3
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However, if there is a disease of the lymphatic system, the lymphocyte count can increase
to around 7 x 109/L
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However,
if there is a disease of the lymphatic system, the spleen length can increase to around 19cm
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However, if there is a disease of the lymphatic system, the weight of the thymus gland stays
the same
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However, if
there is a disease of the lymphatic system, the lymph nodes appear swollen

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