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Description: Short summary of anaphylaxis - pathology, history taking, managment plan (long+short term)
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Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction
...
Main signs are utricaria (hives), angiodema, flush, pruritis without rash
...
The release of histamine and other
agents causes capillary leak, wheeze, cyanosis, oedema, and
utricaria
...
It can be immunologic (IgE mediated) or non-immunologic
(mast cell degranulation without the involvement of
antibodies e
...
Both cause the
release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine,
tryptase and prostaglandins
...
Phaeochromocytoma can mimic the signs of an anaphylactic shock
...
Examination – they will have signs of facial oedema, tachycardia, stridor (due to laryngeal oedema),
bronchospasms and will also be hypOtensive
...
Immediate management – the first thing is to ensure the airway is clear and to establish a large bore
IV access
•
•
•
•
Then give Oxygen 35%, unless they are hypoxic in which case give 100%
...
5mg Adrenaline intramuscularly and repeat after 5 minutes if still hypotensive
...
5mg nebulised or IV
...
•
•
Measure mast cell tryptase 1-6h after suspected anaphylaxis and suggest an IgE skin prick
test to show specific allergens to avoid
...
It peaks
at 1-2 hours and has a short half life
Description: Short summary of anaphylaxis - pathology, history taking, managment plan (long+short term)