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Title: Delinquency- Agnew's General Strain Theory, Sutherland's Differential Association
Description: Notes from the Class Valedictorian of the College of L&S (2015) University of California, Davis Dr. Bill McCarthy Agnew's social strain theory focuses on relationships, and the manner in which motivations to offend are created through stress and strains experienced within them. He argues that crime is motivated by pressure that is socially exerted, taking a social-psychological theoretical approach. Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association theory contents that crime arises through processes of communication within intimate friendships. Individuals learn both that engaging in delinquent acts can provide beneficial results, as well as the specific techniques for doing so effectively.
Description: Notes from the Class Valedictorian of the College of L&S (2015) University of California, Davis Dr. Bill McCarthy Agnew's social strain theory focuses on relationships, and the manner in which motivations to offend are created through stress and strains experienced within them. He argues that crime is motivated by pressure that is socially exerted, taking a social-psychological theoretical approach. Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association theory contents that crime arises through processes of communication within intimate friendships. Individuals learn both that engaging in delinquent acts can provide beneficial results, as well as the specific techniques for doing so effectively.
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Juvenile Delinquency
Agnew- General Strain Theory
Sutherland – Differential Association
Foundations for a General Strain Theory of Crime
And Delinquency- Agnew
Agnew’s strain theory focuses on relationships, and the manner in which motivations to
offend are created through stress and strains experienced
...
He further argues that there are more goals that people aspire to, not only financial
success, and that adolescents rarely worry about economic goals
...
Three Types of Strain- Agnew
I
...
III
...
Other individuals often block access to these goals, such as parents
or friends – curfews, symbols of status among teenagers (having
the right clothes), etc
...
Parents may restrict access, taking away computer and cell phones,
grounding, limiting access to friends, which may create strain and
lead the individual to find a new (delinquent) way of achieving
their goals
1
...
Ex: being dumped
Individuals present, or threaten to present, people with noxious stimuli
(negatively valued stimuli)
i
...
1
...
Agnew argues that these
three types of strain are revolved around relationships
...
Strain’s effect are influenced by four
factors:
I
...
III
...
Magnitude- the level of intensity of the strain
Timing- certain moments are more valued: your parents take away your car
right before you planned a road trip with friends
Duration- longer lasting strains are worse
Clustering- multiple forms of strain occurring simultaneously
Agnew argues that various emotional responses to strain exist: depression, shame,
lowered self-esteem, rejection, alienation, loneliness, anger, and rage
...
He argues that people have certain common
tendencies- for example anger is a more common response for males, and depression is a
more common response for females
...
II
...
Types of crime explained- all theories provide explanations for many different
types of crime- drug, property, and violent crimes are explained by all three
theories
...
Sutherland argues that processes of socialization influences definitions, beliefs and
values, justification, behavior, tutelage
...
Our interactions provide opportunities for establishing beliefs, values, justifications, and
definitions in regards to law violating definitions or law upholding definitions, which
produces differential associations
...
Sutherland argues that peer relationships have the most intensity,
duration, priority, and frequency, and therefore holds the highest influence on
involvement in crime
...
Part of the underlying assumptions of differential association include deterministic
components- individual merely respond to relationships, which ignores agency
...
A Capital Approach- Applying Agency
A Capital Approach: an alternative view that claims that resources can be purposively
used (agency) to help obtain a desired outcome
...
Human Capital: Becker argues that human capital (knowledge and skills), which is
acquired through education and training, can also be used to make a profit and to obtain a
desired outcome
...
These
investments provide greater rewards for mastery and specialization
...
Social Capital: the people included in an individual’s network can provide the individual
with means for mobility (references, transferring of skills)
...
Relationships can
provide trust, obligations, beliefs, and information (as well as sanctions)
Title: Delinquency- Agnew's General Strain Theory, Sutherland's Differential Association
Description: Notes from the Class Valedictorian of the College of L&S (2015) University of California, Davis Dr. Bill McCarthy Agnew's social strain theory focuses on relationships, and the manner in which motivations to offend are created through stress and strains experienced within them. He argues that crime is motivated by pressure that is socially exerted, taking a social-psychological theoretical approach. Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association theory contents that crime arises through processes of communication within intimate friendships. Individuals learn both that engaging in delinquent acts can provide beneficial results, as well as the specific techniques for doing so effectively.
Description: Notes from the Class Valedictorian of the College of L&S (2015) University of California, Davis Dr. Bill McCarthy Agnew's social strain theory focuses on relationships, and the manner in which motivations to offend are created through stress and strains experienced within them. He argues that crime is motivated by pressure that is socially exerted, taking a social-psychological theoretical approach. Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association theory contents that crime arises through processes of communication within intimate friendships. Individuals learn both that engaging in delinquent acts can provide beneficial results, as well as the specific techniques for doing so effectively.