Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Monoclonal antibodies:

Antibodies are proteins with specific binding sites synthesises by B
cells
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Each antigen will induce a different B cell to multiWhen the body is infected by a non-self material, a B ply and form a clone of itself
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This reacts with an
produce a different antibody
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Each antibody has two identical binding
even better if a ingle type can be isolated and cloned =
sites
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such antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies
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ing a therapeutic drug to an antibody:
Antibodies are made up of four polypeptide chains
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The binding site that is complementary to specific antigens forms the antigen-antibody complex
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One type of cell they
can target are cancer cells
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Monoclonal antibodies are produced that are specific
to antigens on cancer cells
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The rest of the antibody is the constant region
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These antibodies are given to a patient and attach
themselves to the receptors on their cancer cells
They attach to the surface of their cancer cells and
block the chemical signals that stimulate their uncontrollable growth
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(used to treat breast
ANTIBODIES DO NOT DESTROY ANTIGENS DIRECTLY, THEY cancer)
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monoclonal antibody
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Clumps of bacterial cells are formed, making it easier for the
phagocytes to locate them as they are less spread-out in the body
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Pregnancy testing:
Testing kits rely on the fact that the placenta produces a hormone called human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and this is found in mothers urine
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If hCG is present it binds to these antibodies
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Ethical Use of monoclonal antibodies:
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Production involves the use of mice
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Some deaths have been associated with their
use in treatment of multiple sclerosis
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Society must use the ussies raised here, with current
scientific knowledge to make decisions about their
use

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