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All aerobic organisms require a constant supply of oxyStructure of the human
gen to release energy in the form of ATP during respigas-exchange system
ration
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The lungs: a pair of lobed structures made up of a series of highly branched tubules called
bronchioles which end in tiny air sacs called alveoli
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The cartilage prevents
the trachea collapsing as the air pressure inside falls when breathing in
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They are relatively large organisms with a large
The bronchi: two divisions of the trachea, each leading to one lung
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duce mucus to trap dirt particles and have cilia that move the dirt-laden mucus towards the
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They maintain a high body temperature which is
throat
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related to them having high metabolic and resThe bronchioles: series of branching sub-divisions of the bronchi
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muscle lined with epithelial cells
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= lungs to ensure efficient gas exchange between the
The alveoli: minute air sacs at the end of bronchioles
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lagen elastic fibres
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The elastic fibres allow them to
Mammalian lungs:
stretch as they fill with air
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CO2 rich air
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They are located inside the body because:
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Air is not dense enough to support and protect
these delicate structures

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The body as a whole would otherwise lose a
great deal of water and dry out
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The ribs can be moved by the muscles between them
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