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content
Objectives:
Explain the effects of forces
Identify types of forces
Determine the weights of objects using the equation W=mg
A force is a push or pull that one object exerts on another through mutual interaction between the two
objects
...
e
...
This is why both the magnitude of a force as well as the direction it is acting in must be indicated when a
force is identified
...
The S
...
A force causes one or more of the following to changes:
Change in position
Change in dimensions
Change in shape
Change in speed
Change in direction
Representation of forces
Forces are represented using arrows
...
In this way, it is clear on which object the force is acting
...
Two
objects are involved in the formation of the forces and the forces act in opposite direction on the two
objects
...
Contact forces: These exist between objects that are in contact with each other
Non-contact forces: These exist between two objects separated from each other
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The follow tables gives a few examples of contact and non-contact forces
...
The inertia of matter is the “laziness” of matter or the tendency of matter to resist changes to its
motion
...
Inertia simply depends on the amount of matter in a substance; the
more mass an object possesses the greater its inertia
...
The forces of
attraction occurs in pairs
...
Also,
the size of the gravitational force depends on the values of the masses and their separation
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F
A
Small mass, small inertia,
large movement
F
B
Large mass, great inertia,
very slight or unnoticeable
movement
Although the force of attraction, F, is equal in both cases, because of the small mass of A it possess a
small inertia and its movement towards B is very quick
...
Weight: the pull of gravity on a body
The space around the earth in which masses experience a pull towards the earth is called the
gravitational field
...
The force that an object experiences due to the Earth’s pull is called its
weight
...
I unit for weight is the Newton
...
8 Newtons per kilogram or 9
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This
value is sometimes approximated to 10N/kg to make calculation easier
...
The value for
the acceleration due to gravity on earth is 9
...
For ease of calculations 10𝑚𝑠 −2 is used
...
NORMAL REACTION FORCE: the backward push that a surfaces gives when it is pushed in the first place
by a body
...
e perpendicular or normal) to the surfaces in contact
...
TENSION: A pull
...
In the same
string, tension acts in the opposite direction
...
e
...
The
upthrust is produced by the displaced water (i
...
the water the object has pushed aside) acting on the
object
...
The force always
acts in the opposite direction to motion
...
e
...
an object fall through air or water will
experience a drag and move slower
...
The force
acts between charged materials or particles although they are separated over a distance
...
MAGNETIC FORCES: A force of attraction or repulsion that exists between magnetic materials (e
...
permanent magnets or metal carrying electric current)
...
ELASTIC FORCES: A force in elastic materials that causes those materials to stretch back to its original
position
...
As you stretch (an elastic band) or compress (a rubber ball) an elastic material it resists change to its
shape by exerting force in the opposite direction
...
Hooke’s law applies to most elastic material
...
It holds the protons
and the neutron together