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SUPPORT MATERIAL
CLASS – X(science)
FIRST TERM
2012 – 2013
1
2
PREFACE
As we know CBSE has introduced CCE scheme last year
...
This Support Material consists of two parts Term I and Term II
...
This support Material has been prepared and reviewed by the following:
Mrs
...
Rajan
Guidance
&Moderation:
(Principal)K
...
C
...
E
...
Prepared
&Reviewed 1
...
T
...
V
...
H
...
, Pune
...
Mrs
...
Ponkshe,TGT
K
...
C
...
E
...
3
...
A
...
V No3 Colaba, RS, Mumbai
...
Mrs
...
V B
...
G, Pune
...
Mrs
...
F
...
Chapter 1
...
Chapter 2
...
Chapter 3
...
Chapter 6
...
Chapter 7
...
Chapter 12
...
Chapter 13
...
Chapter 14
...
2 )Chemical Equations – Representation of a chemical reaction in terms of symbols and
formulae of the reactants and products is known as chemical equation
...
of atoms of different
elements is same on both sides of the arrow is called balanced chemical equation
...
For example,
2Mg(s) + O2 (g) 2 MgO (s)
b) Decomposition reaction - The reaction in which a single compound breaks up into two or
more simpler substances are called decomposition reactions
...
The decomposition of a substance on heating is known as thermal decomposition
...
c) Displacement reactions -The chemical reactions in which a more reactive element
displaces a less reactive element from a compound are known as displacement reactions
...
ii)
Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) Cu (NO3)2 (aq) +2Ag (s)
...
These reactions take place in solution two common types of this reaction are precipitation
reactions and neutralization reactions
i)
Precipitation reaction : In this reactions, aqueous solution of two salts are mixed
whereby
Some salts precipitate due to mutual exchange of ions between the two salts
...
ii)
Neutralization reaction: In this type of reaction an acid reacts with a base to form salt
and water by exchange of ions
...
7
e) Redox reaction: Chemical reaction which shows both oxidation and reduction reaction
...
Reduction: Reaction that shows the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen
...
ZnO + C Zn + CO
ZnO reduce to Zn ---- reduction
C oxidize to CO ------oxidation
f) Exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction: On the basis of energy changes during chemical
reaction, they can be classified as
i)
Exothermic reaction: A chemical reaction in which heat energy is produced
...
CaCO3 + Heat CaO + CO2
5 Corrosion – The process of slow conversion of metals into their undesirable compounds due to
their reaction with oxygen, water, acids, gases etc
...
Rusting – Iron when reacts with oxygen and moisture forms red substance called rust
...
This is called rancidity
...
It can be prevented by using various methods such as by adding antioxidants to the food materials,
Storing food in air tight container and by flushing out air with nitrogen
...
PAPER
MARKS-30
TIME- 70 MINUTES
Instructions:
Questions : 1 to 5 – 1 Mark each
Questions : 6 to 9 – 2 Marks each
Questions : 10 to 13 – 3 Marks each
Question 14 – 5 Marks
1
...
Identify the compound oxidized in the following reaction:
H2S (g) + Cl2 S (s) + HCl (g)
3
...
4
...
5
...
Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with one example:
a
...
Reduction
7
...
Why do we apply paint on iron articles?
9
...
What is rancidity? Write the common methods to prevent it
...
What is corrosion? State the conditions necessary for rusting of iron
...
Name the type of reactions in the following cases:
a
...
Burning of natural gas
...
Carbon dioxide gas passed through lime water
...
Blue crystals of copper sulphate on heating in a dry test tube become colourless
...
10
14
...
Why can not a chemical change be normally reversed?
b
...
What happens when CO2 gas is passed through lime water and why does it disappear on
passing excess CO2?
d
...
1
...
Q
...
Ans
...
3
...
A water insoluble substance ‗X‘ on reacting with dilute H2SO4 released a colourless and
odourless gas accompanied by brisk effervescence
...
On bubbling the gas through lime water, it
initially became milky and milkyness disappeared when the gas was passed in excess
...
Write its chemical equations of the reactions involved
...
CaCO3 (S) + H2SO4 (Aq) CaSO4(Aq) + H2O (Aq) + O2 (G)
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 (G)CaCO3 (S) + H2O (L)
(milky)
CaCO3 (S) + CO2 (G)+ H2O (Aq)Ca(OH)2
(milkiness)
Ahmad took a magnesium ribbon (cleaned) and burned it on a flame
...
He then tested the solution formed
with red and blue litmus paper
...
Blue litmus paper remained blue
...
Which dissolved in water, it forms magnesium hydroxide, which is Basic in nature
...
O2 + 2SO2 2SO3
8NH3 + 3Cl2 6NH4Cl
Q
...
Marble statues often slowly get corroded when kept in open for a long time
...
Q
...
Mohan tool pure water for the electrolytic decomposition of water but did not see any bubbles
near the electrodes
...
When
kept for long time in open
...
A substance ‗X‘ displaces ‗Y‘ from its solution in water
...
What other chemical name can be given to such type of reactions? Explain, giving an
example?
A grey coloured metal ‗Z‘ (Atomic weight=65) is used in making dry cell
...
HCl to liberate a gas
...
6
Q
...
8
11
Q
...
Q
...
Q
...
Q
...
Name the element ‗X‘& black the coloured compound formed
...
Oral questions (Conversation type)
a) How do you represent chemical changes in chemistry?
b) What should you know to write a chemical equation?
c) How are reactants and products separated in a chemical equation?
2
...
a) What happens when calcium carbonate is heated?
b) What is this reaction called?
c) Does decomposition take place only on heating?
4
...
5
...
c) What are the requirements for corrosion?
1
...
To pack food articles, why do manufacturers flush out oxygen with nitrogen?
3
...
What is the chemical reaction called in which heat is evolved?
5
...
Name the phenomenon
...
Which gas is evolved when acid is added to lime water?
7
...
12
10
...
QUIZ - WHO AM I
I am symbolic representation of a chemical change
...
I am a metal which go on losing weight when constantly exposed to air and moisture
...
I conduct electric current and get a green coating when exposed to humid atmosphere for long
...
My blue colour starts fading when zinc metal is added to my aqueous solution
...
I get reduced in a redox reaction
...
I am formed during a chemical change
...
8
...
I give a name to the reaction between acids and bases
...
I am a chemical reaction which represents digestion of food in our body/
10
...
9
...
Down
1
...
Particles lost (9) on oxidation
Across
2
...
An unbalanced equation (8)
4
...
Down
1
...
Phenomenon in which food material starts to smell badly on keeping (9)
Across
2
...
A process in which one of the products become insoluble (13)
1
I
3
2
4
P
L
N
C
I
CHAPTER- 2
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
GIST OF THE LESSON
1) Acids are sour in taste, turn blue litmus red, and dissolve in water to release H+ ions e
...
HCl,
H2SO4, HNO3 etc
...
e
...
NaOH, KOH etc
...
e
...
sodium chloride
...
The colour of some acid – base indicators in acidic and basic medium are given below
14
Sr
...
INDICATORS
1
2
3
4
Litmus solution
Methyl Orange
Phenolphthalein
Methyl red
COLOUR IN
ACIDIC
MEDIUM
Red
Pink
Colourless
Yellow
COLOUR IN
BASIC
MEDIUM
Blue
Orange
Pink
Red
5) Chemical properties of acids:
i) Acids react with active metals to give hydrogen gas
...
NaHCO3 +HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2
iii) Acids react with bases to give salt and water
...
NaOH + HCl NaCl +H2O
iv) Acids react with metals oxides to give salt and water
...
2NaOH + Zn Na2ZnO2 +H2
ii) Reaction with acids -Bases react with acids to form salt and water
...
They react with
bases to form salt and water
...
The pH of a
solution is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter
...
Its main source is sea water
...
Common salt is an important component of our food
...
b) Sodium Hydroxide or Caustic Soda (NaOH)
It is prepared by passing electricity through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride also known as
brine
...
Properties:
1
...
2
...
3
...
15
c) Bleaching Powder (CaOCl2)
Its chemical name is calcium oxychloride
...
Ca (OH) 2 + Cl2 CaOCl2 + H2O
Uses –
1
...
For disinfecting drinking water
...
It is prepared by passing CO2 gas through brine solution saturated with ammonia
...
It is white crystalline solid and sparingly soluble in water at room temperature
...
On heating it decomposes to give sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide
...
It reacts with acids to give carbon dioxide gas
...
It aqueous solution is weak alkaline due to hydrolysis
...
It is used in soda – acid fire extinguisher
...
It acts as mild antiseptic and antacid
...
It is used as a component of baking powder
...
e) Washing Soda (Na2CO3
...
It is prepared by heating baking soda
...
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 +H2O +CO2
Na2CO3 +10 H2O Na2CO3
...
It is used for removing permanent hardness of water
...
It is used in glass, soap and paper industries
...
It can be used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes
...
1/2H2O)
Its chemical name is calcium sulphate hemihydrates
...
CaSO4
...
1/2H2O + 11/2H2O
On treatment with water it is again converted into gypsum and sets as a hard mass
...
1/2H2O+11/2H2OCaSO4
...
It is used by doctors for setting fractured bones
...
It is used for making statues, models and other decorative materials
...
½H2
O
Common
salt
NaCl
Bleaching
powder
CaOCl3
Baking
soda
NaHCO3
Washing
soda
Na2CO3
...
PAPER
MARKS-30
TIME- 70 MINUTES
Instructions:
Questions : 1 to 5 – 1 Mark each
Questions : 6 to 9 – 2 Marks each
Questions : 10 to 13 – 3 Marks each
Question 14 – 5 Marks
ii
...
iii
...
iiii
...
Which has a higher pH value 1M HCl or 1M NaOH solution?
iv
...
what is its pH?
ivi
...
ivii
...
5?
iviii
...
Give Arrhenius definition of an acid and a base
...
What happens when nitric acid is added to egg shell? Give the chemical equation
...
A student prepared solutions of an acid and a base in two separate beakers
...
Since both the solutions are
colourless, how will she distinguish between the two?
ixii
...
Write the names and
chemical formulae of A, B, C
+ Zn
Compound X
+HCl
+ CH3COOH
(A) + H2 (g)
(B) + H2O
(C) + H2O
18
ixiii
...
ixiv
...
b) A student working in the laboratory added some water to a syrupy liquid taken in tube
...
Why?
HOTS QUESTIONS
Q
...
Ans
...
The gas ‗X‘ reacts with lime water to give a compound ‗Y‘ which is
used as a bleaching agent in chemical industry
...
In the manufacture of sodium hydroxide, hydrogen gas and chlorine gas (X) are formed as by
products
...
2NaCl (aq) + 2 H2O (L) 2NaOH (Aq) + Cl2 (G) + H2 (G)
‗X‘ Cl2 gas
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 CaOCl2 + H2O
Q
...
Ans
...
Why?
In the dry state, hydrogen chloride (HCl) does not release H+ ions
...
When dissolved in water, it forms hydrochloric acid
...
Q
...
Acid when react with metals release hydrogen gas but there is one acid which when reacts
with metals does not release hydrogen except for two metals
...
Acid + Metal Salt + Hydrogen
e
...
2HCl + 2Na 2NaCl + H2
H2SO4 + 2Na Na2SO4 + H2
HNO3 + Na No hydrogen gas
...
Nitric acid reacts only with Mg and Mn to give
hydrogen gas
...
Q
...
5
Q
...
7
Name the properties responsible for the following uses of baling powder
...
What is meant by water of crystallisation of a substance? What is its importance?
What effect does an increase in concentration of ‗H‘ ions in a solution have on the pH of a
solution
Fresh milk has a pH Of 6
...
8
Q
...
10
Q
...
12
How does the flow of acid rain water into a river make the survival of aquatic life in a river
difficult?
Arrange in the increasing order of their pH values: NaOH solution, Blood, Lemon juice,
Two solutions A and B have pH values of 5 and 8 respectively
...
a) Acids are sour in taste
...
a) What are acids?
b) Can presence of H+ ion in water be estimated? How?
c) How is pH related to strength of an acid?
d) Name one strong acid and one weak acid
...
a) What are salts?
b) How many types of salts are formed?
c) What are neutral salts?
d) What do you mean by acidic salts?
e) Define basic salts
...
4
...
5
...
c) What are the raw materials used in the preparation of washing soda?
d) Sodium carbonate is obtained from another carbonate on heating
...
6
...
b) What is its chemical name?
c) How is it manufactured?
d) What is slaked lime?
e) Why does bleaching powder smell of chlorine?
ORAL QUESTIONS
1
...
2
...
Name the acid present in ant sting
...
What is the ideal pH of the soil for the healthy growth of a plant?
5
...
How is pH of an acid solution affected when it is diluted?
7
...
8
...
What is the pH of blood?
10
...
I can roughly measure pH value from 0 – 14
...
I am called antichlor and am used to remove excess chlorine from clothes when treated with
bleaching powder
...
3
...
5
...
I give different smell in acid and base solution
...
I am an oxide capable of showing properties for both acids and bases
...
I am a covalent compound and conducts electricity in aqueous medium
...
I am a salt of potassium hydroxide and nitric acid
...
I am the term used when a solid becomes liquid when exposed to moist air
...
I am derived from tomato and turn blue litmus into red
...
Across
1
...
A mineral acid (12)
Down
2
...
An acid obtained from lemon (6)
4
2
C
3
L
1
C
C
2
...
A stone used for manufacture of sodium carbonate (9)
3
...
A gas obtained in the electrolysis of sodium chloride (8)
3
...
Non – metals: Chlorine, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur etc
...
g
...
They are called metalloids
Comparison of physical and chemical properties of metals and non – metals:Sr
...
1
Physical
Metals are solid at room Non-metals generally
State
temperature
...
gases, except
Bromine
...
pt and b
...
pt and b
...
cesium
...
Generally low
...
Neither malleable nor
and
ductile
...
conductors of heat and
conductivity
electricity except
graphite
...
Do not have luster
except iodine
...
sonorous sound
...
24
Comparison of Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals:1
Reaction
Metal + Oxygen Metal
Non-metal + Oxygen
with
oxide
Non-metal oxide
Oxygen
4Na(s) + O2(g)
C + O2 CO2
2Na2O(s)
S + O2 SO2
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3 Non-metals form acidic
Metals form basic oxides
oxides
Zn and Al form amphoteric CO and H2O are neutral
oxides (they show the
oxides(they are neither
properties of both acidic
acidic nor basic in
and basic oxides)
nature)
NonMost of the metal oxides
metal oxides are soluble
are insoluble in water
in water
Some of them dissolve to
They dissolve in water to
form Alkali
form acids
Na2O(s) + H2O(l)
SO2 + H2O H2SO3
2NaOH(aq)
2
Reaction
Metals react with water to
Non-metals do not react
with water
form metal oxides or metal with water, steam to
hydroxide and H2 gas is
evolve hydrogen gas
...
Because Non-metals
cannot give electrons to
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)
hydrogen in water so that
2NaOH +
H2(g) it can be released as H2
gas
...
2Na(s) + H2SO4
Mn + 2HNO3
Na2SO4(aq) +H2(g)
Mn(NO3)2 + H2
HNO3
Metal + HNO3 H2 gas is H2 gas from HNO3
not displaced
...
4
Reaction
When metals react with salt When non-metals react
with salt
solution, more reactive
with salt solution, more
solutions
metal will displace a less
reactive non-metal will
reactive metal from its salt displace a less reactive
solution
...
Cu(s)
2NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g)
2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq)
5
Reaction
Metal + Chlorine Metal Non-metal + Chlorine
25
with
Chlorine
6
Reaction
with
Hydrogen
Chloride
ionic bond is formed
...
2Na
+ Cl2 2NaCl
Metals react with hydrogen
to form metal hydride
This reaction takes place
only for most reactive
metals
...
Therefore covalent
compound is obtained
...
Physical nature:solid and hard due to strong force of attraction
...
Melting point and boiling point:have high M
...
P, as large amount of heat energy is
required to break strong ionic attraction
...
Solubility: soluble in water and insoluble in kerosene and pertrol
...
Conduction of electricity:ionic compounds in solid state-----does not conduct electricity
...
Ionic compounds conduct electricity
in molten state
...
Occurrence of metals
...
e
...
P & B
...
Acid salt + H2
Metal + Cl metal chloride
Metal + H2metal hydride
NONMETAL
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
Non-metal + O2 Nonmetal oxide
Low M
...
P
Non-metal + steamH2
Poor conductor of heat
electricity
Non-metal + acidno
reaction
Non-metal + chlorinenonmetal chloride
Non-metal +
28
METALS AND NON – METALS
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT I
Q
...
b) Metals conduct electricity
...
b) Calcium and potassium with water
...
b) Show the formation of Na2O by electron transfer
...
12) Explain how a metal low in the activity series can be extracted
...
29
13) Give reasons:
a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery
...
c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal; still it is used to make utensils for cooking
...
b) A metallic oxide which cannot be reduced by coke
...
d) A non – metallic oxide which is neutral
...
HOTS QUESTIONS (SOLVED / UNSOLVED)
Q
...
Q
...
Ans
...
3
...
Q
...
Q
...
Q
...
7
...
8
...
9
...
10
...
11
Q
...
13
Q
...
15
a) What are amphoteric oxides? Choose the amphoteric oxides from amongst the following:
Na2O, ZnO, Al2O3, CO2, H2O
b) Why is it that non metals do not displace hydrogen from dilute acid?
a) The oxides which are acidic as well as basic in nature are called amphoteric oxides
...
b) Non metals can not loose electrons so that H+ ions become hydrogen gas
...
What is Aqua regia? What is its use?
It is a mixture of concentrated HCl and concentrated HNO3 in the ratio 3:1
...
Give reason: Aluminium is highly reactive metal, but it is used to make utensils for cooking
...
(b) Iron sheets are coated with Zinc
layer
...
Predict the new compound formed which imparts a blue – green colour to the solution? Write
its equation
...
Why is Aluminium extracted from Alumina by electrolytic reduction and not by reducing it
with Carbon?
Write 3 points of difference between Calcination & Roasting?
Write 5 points of difference between Ionic compound and covalent compound
...
What is amalgam?
Magnesium when reacts with hot water, starts floating
...
Name the metal which is a liquid
...
Name the non – metal which shows lustre
...
Name the lightest metal
...
Name the metal with highest density
...
Name the property of the metals by virtue of which these can be beaten into sheets
6
...
7
...
8
...
9
...
How is this property utilized?
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
6
...
7
...
8
...
I am homogenous and not a compound though my formation least to altering the properties of
metals involved
...
We belong to the same category of elements but still combine to form molecules / compounds
...
Across
1
...
(9)
3
...
Three dimensional networks of ionic compounds (7)
...
Process of heating concentrated ores in the absence of air (11)
4
2
3
1
A
T
L
C
I
Y
E
N
2
...
Property of metals to give sheets
...
Refined naturally occurring inorganic solid from which metal is extracted economically(3)
Down
2
...
3
...
Eg
...
Criteria of life- (i) Growth (ii) Movement
Nutrition- The process in which an organism takes in food, utilizes it to get energy, for growth,
repair and maintenance, etc
...
Types of nutrition
1
...
g
...
o Process – Photosynthesis(Photo=light; Synthesis= to combine)
o Raw materials- (i) Carbon dioxide (ii)Water
o Equationsunlight
o 6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chlorophyll
o Energy conversion- Light/Solar energy to Chemical energy
o Role off Chlorophyll- To trap the sun‘s energy for photosynthesis
o Factors- (i) Carbon dioxide (ii) Water(iii) Light (iv) Temperature
o Events/ Steps of photosynthesis(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
(ii) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy & Splitting of water
molecule into Hydrogen & oxygen
(iii) Reduction of Carbon dioxide to Carbohydrate
o Gaseous exchange- (i) Gas used- Carbon dioxide
(ii) By product - Oxygen
o Source of raw materials(i) Carbon dioxide –Land plants- Air, Aquatic plants- Water
(ii) Water & Minerals - Soil
2
...
Animals, plants
lacking chlorophyll like fungi
...
E
...
Fungi,
Bacteria
(b) Parasitic nutrition: Organisms obtain food from the body of another living (host)
o Endoparasite : Parasite lives inside the body of the host e
...
tapeworm, roundworm
...
E
...
lice, leech
...
g
...
(c) Holozoic nutrition: Organism (mostly animals) take in whole food and then digest it into smaller
particles with enzyme
...
Amoeba, Paramoecium
...
o Steps in Holozoic nutrition
(i)
Ingestion: taking in of food
...
(iii) Assimilation: Utilization of digested food from the body
...
6 page no
...
C
...
R
...
(b) Makes the medium alkaline
for the action of Pepsin
Digests proteins
Protects the inner lining of the
stomach from the corrosive action of
Hydrochloric acid
...
(b) Breaks down large fat
molecules into smaller globules
so that enzymes can act upon
them
...
Sphincter muscle- Helps in the exit of food from the stomach
...
(vi)
Large intestine- For absorption of water
...
o Types of respiration- (i) Aerobic respiration (ii) Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
34
1
...
1
...
2
...
End products- Ethanol & Carbon dioxide
3
...
3
...
4
...
Takes place in only in Cytoplasm
...
Complete oxidation of glucose takes place
...
Incomplete oxidation of glucose takes place
...
It occurs in most organisms
...
It occurs in certain bacteria, yeast & certain
tissues of higher organisms
...
g
...
7
...
EquationIn YeastGlucose→ Pyruvate→ Ethanol + H2O + Energy
In muscle cells Glucose→ Pyruvate→ Lactic acid + Energy
o Some common features of Respiratory organs(i) Large surface area- for greater rate of diffusion of respiratory gases
...
(iii) Extensive blood supply- Respiratory organs are richly supplied with blood vessels for
quick transport of gases
...
Day time- Carbon dioxide given out during respiration is used for photosynthesis
...
Night time – Only respiration takes place
...
o
Gaseous exchange in animals Terrestrial animals- take Oxygen from the atmosphere
...
(Oxygen content is low in water,
therefore they breathe faster
...
Lungs – (i) Present in the thoracic cavity
...
9 page no
...
C
...
R
...
2
...
4
...
o Respiration occurs in two phaseso (i) External-Breathing, which is a mechanical process
...
(ii) Respiratory pigments also required
...
(iv) It has very high affinity for Oxygen
...
Transportation
o Transportation in human beings Blood- (i) It is a fluid connective tissue
...
Functions of blood- (i) Transport of respiratory gases
...
(iii) Transport of waste products
...
1
...
Deep seated
...
Superficial
...
3
...
Carry Oxygenated blood
...
Carry Deoxygenated blood
...
5
...
10 page no
...
C
...
R
...
(ii) It is the size of our fist
...
(iv) It has four chambersTwo upper chambers called Atria
...
Working of heartLeft side- (i) Left atrium relaxes & the Oxygenated blood enters it from
the lungs through the pulmonary vein
...
(iii) Left Ventricle contracts and the blood is pumped into the
largest artery ‗Aorta‘ and is carried to all parts of the body
...
(ii) Right atrium contracts & the blood enters the right Ventricle through
the valve
...
Valves- Unidirectional to prevent the backward flow of blood
...
Aorta is the only artery that carries Deoxygenated blood
...
Capillaries- (i) Form the connection between arteries & veins
...
Platelets- Plug the leaks of arteries and veins by clotting the blood
...
Function of lymph- (i) Transportation of digested & absorbed fats from
the small intestine
...
Higher animals- E
...
, birds, mammals
...
(ii)
This is to fulfil higher energy needs and to maintain body temperature
(warm blooded animals)
...
Therefore their body temperature varies with
the temperature of the environment
...
(ii)
Root cells take up ions from the soil, which creates a concentration
difference between root and soil
...
In very tall plants- transpiration creates a suction pressure, which pulls the water
upwards
...
(ii)
It regulates the temperature in plants
...
(ii)
Movement of prepared food in plants is called translocation
...
37
Excretion in human beings(Refer to figure 6
...
110 of N
...
E
...
T Text book)
Organs of excretory system- (i) Kidneys
(iii) Urinary bladder
(ii) Ureters
(iv) Urethra
Kidneys(i)
Two in number
(ii)
Bean shaped
(iii) Present in abdomen on either side of the backbone
(iv)
Basic unit is nephron
...
Glomerulus- Group of capillaries (cluster) present in Bowman‘s
capsule to receive blood from renal artery and filters it
...
Bowman‘s capsule- Cup shaped structure, which contains glomerulus
...
Convoluted tubule- is long and reabsorbs vital nutrients like glucose, amino
acids, salts, urea and water
...
Urinary bladder- Muscular bag like structure to store urine
...
Artificial kidney- Principle: Dialysis
Excretion in plants Gaseous wastes- CO2 in respiration & O2 in photosynthesis are removed by the process
of diffusion
...
Other wastes- (i) Stored in cellular vacuoles or in leaves, which fall off or as
gums, resins, etc
...
(ii) Excreted in soil
...
Open & close stomata
2
...
Alimentary canal of human beings/ Digestive system of human beings
4
...
Structure of heart
...
Excretory system of human beings
7
...
To prove that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis
...
To prove that Carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis
...
To prove that light is necessary for photosynthesis
...
To prove that product of fermentation is Carbon dioxide
...
To prove that leaves lose water by transpiration
...
To study the action of salivary amylase on starch
...
To demonstrate that Carbon dioxide is present in exhaled air
...
To demonstrate the process of transpiration in plants
...
PAPER
MARKS-30
TIME- 70 MINUTES
Instructions:
Questions : 1 to 5 – 1 Mark each
Questions : 6 to 9 – 2 Marks each
Questions : 10 to 13 – 3 Marks each
Question 14 – 5 Marks
1
...
2
...
Name the excretory unit of kidney
...
What is neuron?
5
...
6
...
Chloroplast
b
...
Lower epidermis
d
...
What do you mean by double circulation of blood?
8
...
9
...
10
...
Draw a diagram of cross section of human heart
...
12
...
Descried the functioning of nephrons
...
a
...
b
...
c
...
Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
Ans
...
It is necessary to separate oxygenated
blood and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds because such a separation allows a highly
efficient supply of oxygen to the body cells which is required for producing a lot of energy needed by
them
...
How is small intestine designed to absorb digested food?
Ans
...
The
presence of villi gives the inner walls of the small intestine a very large surface area
...
LIFE PROCESSES
ORAL QUESTIONS
1
...
How does food passes through alimentary canal?
3
...
In which part of the alimentary canal food is completely digested absorbed?
5
...
Which structures stop backward flow of blood in atria and ventricles?
7
...
Which part of the plant excretes some waste substances into the soil?
9
...
10
...
QUIZ
1
...
Absorption of energy takes place in sunlight by the pigment
...
Is chloroplast is non – lining structure?
4
...
Name the organ responsible for respiration in fish
...
Which is more harmful urea or ammonia?
7
...
Across
2
...
Unicellular plant that carryout fermentation
...
Transports oxygen in the body
...
Carry impure blood
...
3
Across
1
...
5
...
Down
2
...
The process by nitrogenous waste is removed
...
Organism that takes in food with the help of pseudopodia
...
The only vein that carries
oxygenated blood to the heart
4
...
5
...
6
...
8
...
9
...
10
...
11
...
The number of heart beats per
minute
...
The two lower chambers of the
heart
...
The heart is roughly the size of
your ______
...
44
Photosynthesis – Crossword puzzle
Across
1 A plant pigment that absorbs sunlight
...
(4,5)
7 Chlorophyll absorbs every color of sunlight
except this
...
(6,7)
10 The product of photosynthesis
...
(14)
3 Part of the plant where photosynthesis
generally occurs
...
(5)
6 An animal that eats plants
...
(6)
10 Number of molecules of oxygen produced
along with one molecule of sugar
...
Stimulus- The changes in the environment to which an organism responds and reacts is called
Stimulus
Control & coordination in animals- takes place by (i) Nervous system & (ii) Endocrine system
Nervous system
Stimulus → Receptor organ → Sensory nerve → Brain/Spinal cord
↓
Response ← Effector organ ← Motor nerve
Endocrine system
Stimulus → Endocrine organ → Secrete hormone → Hormone in blood
↓
Response ← Target organ
Parts of the Nervous system – (i) Brain (ii) Spinal cord (iii) Nerves (Neurons)
A Neuron is the structural & functional unit of Nervous system
Parts of a neuron- (i) Dendrites (ii) Cell body (iii) Axon
Synapse- Space/junction between two adjacent nerves is called Synapse
...
Eg
...
Reflex arc- The pathway of the reflex action is called Reflex arc
...
2 page no
...
C
...
R
...
3 page no
...
C
...
R
...
(ii) It has 3 main areasa
...
Motor area- control voluntary movements
...
Association areas- Reasoning, learning & intelligence
...
Controls reflex of eyes & ears
Hind brain- Connects the Fore brain & Hind brain
Cerebellum – Controls & coordinates muscular movements, maintaining body posture and
equilibrium
...
Spinal cord- Cylindrical or tubular structure extending downwards from the Medulla
oblongata
...
(ii) Cerebrospinal fluid present in between the three membranes
...
(ii) Also the nerve cells cannot generate & transmit impulses continuously
...
Hormones- (i) are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands
(ii) Are secreted in small amounts & may act in nearby places or distant places
...
47
Hormones are secreted byS
...
1
...
3
...
Endocrine glands & Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
Ducts absent
Secrete hormones
Secreted in blood
Situated away from the site of action
Exocrine glands
Ducts present
Secrete enzymes
Secreted in ducts of glands
Situated near the site of action
Some glands which act as both endocrine & exocrine
Gland
Pancreas
Testes
Ovaries
Endocrine function
Produces insulin & Glucagon
hormone
...
(pancreatic
amylase)
Produces male gametes (reproductive cells)
Produces female gametes (reproductive
cells)
Important Endocrine glands, the hormone they secrete & their function
Refer to figure 7
...
124 of N
...
E
...
T Text book)
Endocrine gland
Hormone
Pituitary gland
Growth hormone
Function
Body growth, development of bones & muscles
(If excess- Gigantism)
(If less- Dwarfism)
Thyroid gland
Thyroxine
Regulates carbohydrate, protein & fat
metabolism( If less- Goitre_
Pancreas
Produces insulin &
Regulates blood sugar levels (if less diabetes is
Glucagon hormone
caused)
Testes in males Produces hormone
Development of secondary male characters like
Testosterone
deep voice, beard, etc
...
Coordination in plants- Only chemical coordination is present in plants
...
E
...
Phototropism, Geotropism
...
Refer to figure 7
...
5 page no
...
C
...
R
...
E
...
- Touch me not plant leaves close when touched
...
Auxins- Help in growth of root & shoot tips
...
Gibberellins- Help in vegetative growth
3
...
Abscissic acid - Inhibits growth & causes wilting (falling) of leaves
Important diagrams1
...
Reflex arc 3
...
Endocrine glands
...
To compare taste of sugar and food with open & blocked nostrils
...
To demonstrate the response of a plant to the direction of light
...
To demonstrate hydrotropism
...
PAPER
MARKS-30
TIME- 70 MINUTES
Instructions:
Questions : 1 to 5 – 1 Mark each
Questions : 6 to 9 – 2 Marks each
Questions : 10 to 13 – 3 Marks each
Question 14 – 5 Marks
1
...
Which part of the brain controlled posture and balance of the body?
3
...
Which gland secretes digestive enzyme as well as hormones?
5
...
Name the type of response involved in this
action
...
What is a tropic movement? Explain with an example
...
What will happen if intake of iodine in our diet is low?
8
...
Nucleus
b
...
Cell body
d
...
Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin?
10
...
What are reflex actions? Explain reflex arc
...
What are the major parts of the brains? Mention the functions of each
...
How does chemical co – ordination take place in animals?
14
...
Name the various plant hormones
...
Give physiological effects of hormones on plant growth and development
...
Which hormone:
1
...
controls the amount of sugar (glucose) in blood?
3
...
brings about changes in girls at puberty?
Ans
...
i) Name the hormone produced by thyroid gland
...
iv Write the function of the above hormones?
Q3
...
ORAL QUESTIONS
1
...
How do neuron conduct message from brain to other parts?
3
...
What are its main parts?
5
...
What are endocrine glands?
7
...
Name a gland of human body which secretes both enzymes and hormone
...
Which plant hormone helps in cell division?
10
...
Which system of our body is made of organised network for conducting information in the
body?
2
...
What is the name of the neuron which remains between the sensory neuron and the motor
neuron? Where is it located?
4
...
What are two major types of muscles we have?
6
...
Which hormone helps us to prepare to combat adverse condition?
8
...
CROSS WORD PUZZLE: NERVOUS SYSTEM
52
Clues
ACROSS
1
...
8
...
9
...
Electrical brain activity recorded with scalp or brain electrodes
(abbreviation)
...
Necessary for hearin
17
...
18
...
19
...
21
...
22
...
23
...
24
...
26
...
29
...
Junction between two neurons
...
In the brain, it is the outermost layer of the gray matter
...
The fifth cranial nerve
...
The middle layer of the meninges
...
The part of the cell containing chromosomes
...
Period of sleep when dreams occur (abbreviation)
...
The second cranial nerve
...
Fat-like substance that surrounds some axons
...
The first cranial nerve
...
Fluid that fills the ventricles (abbreviation)
...
Part of neuron that takes information TO the cell body
...
Short for "mother"
...
Electrical brain activity between 2 and 4 Hz
...
Part of neuron that takes information AWAY from the cell body
...
A short written letter
...
Abbreviation for 1 across
...
Organ for vision
...
Opposite of "off"
...
Opposite of "yes"
...
Positive and negative charges: The charge acquired by a glass rod when rubbed with silk is
called positive charge and the charge acquired by an ebonite rod when rubbed with wool is
called negative charge
...
Coulomb: It is the S
...
unit of charge
...
Charge on an electron = -1
...
3
...
4
...
A conductor offers very low resistance to the flow of current
...
5
...
It is called an ‗insulator‘
...
6
...
It is defined as the rate of flow of the electric charge through any section of
a conductor
...
7
...
I
...
If one coulomb of charge flows through any section of a
conductor in one second, then current through it is said to be one ampere
...
Electric circuit: The closed path along which electric current flows is called an ‗electric
circuit‘
...
Conventional current: Conventionally, the direction of motion of positive charges is taken as
the direction of current
...
10
...
11
...
Its unit is
volt
...
Electrons, being negatively
charged, move from lower to higher potential regions
...
Potential difference between two points: The Potential difference between two points in an
electric field is the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from one to another
...
One volt potential difference: The Potential difference between two points in an electric field
is said to one volt if one joule of work has to be done in bringing a positive charge of one
coulomb from one point to another
...
Galvanometer: It is device to detect current in an electric circuit
...
Ammeter: It is device to measure current in a circuit
...
16
...
It is always connected in parallel to
the component across which the potential difference is to be measured
...
Ohm’s law: This law states that the current passing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the potential difference cross its ends, provided the physical conditions like
temperature, density etc
...
V α I or V = RI
The proportionality constant R is called resistance of conductor
...
Resistance: It is a property of a conductor by virtue of which it opposes the flow of current
through it
...
Resistance = Potential difference/Current
or R = V/I
19
...
I
...
A conductor has a resistance of one ohm if a current of
one ampere flows through it on applying a potential difference of one volt across its ends
...
Factors on which resistance of a conductor depends: The resistance R of a conductor
depends
i) Directly on its length L i
...
R α L
...
e
...
On combining the above factors, we get
R α L/A
R = ρ * L/A The proportionality constant ρ is called resistivity of conductor
...
Resistivity: It is defined as the resistance offered by a cube of a material of side 1 m when
current flows perpendicular to its opposite faces
...
I
...
Resistivity, ρ = RA/L
56
22
...
23
...
ii) Total voltage across the combination = Sum of the voltage drops
...
V1 = IR1, V2 = IR2, V3 = IR3
iv) Equivalent resistance = Sum of the individual resistances
...
24
...
ii) Total current = Sum of the currents through the individual resistances
...
I1 = V/R1, I2 = V/R2, I3 = V/R3
iv) Reciprocal of equivalent resistance = Sum of reciprocals of individual resistances
...
25
...
Mathematically, it can be expressed as
H = I2Rt
joule = I2Rt/4
...
18cal
26
...
Electric energy, W = VIt = I2Rt joule
27
...
P = W/t = VI = I2R = V2/R
28
...
I
...
The power of an appliance is 1 watt if one ampere of current
flows through it on applying a potential differences of 1 volt across its ends
...
Kilowatt hour: It is the commercial unit of electrical energy
...
1 kilowatt hour (kWh) = 3
...
Hr
1 Kwhr= 3
...
RESISTANCE IN
PARALLEL
1/RP = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 ……
...
PAPER
MARKS-30
Instructions:
Questions : 1 to 5 – 1 Mark each
Questions : 6 to 9 – 2 Marks each
Questions : 10 to 13 – 3 Marks each
Question 14 – 5 Marks
Define resistivity of material
...
TIME- 70 MINUTES
2
...
5V and 500mA?
3
...
Why series arrangement not used for connecting domestic electrical appliances in a
circuit?
Which has higher resistance – a 50W bulb or a 2
...
What is the direction of flow of conventional current?
6
...
8
...
Which of the two bulbs will have thicker filament?
How does the resistance of a wire vary with its area of cross section?
9
...
11
...
13
...
i) Battery
ii) Switch closed
iii) Resistor of resistance R
iv) Voltmeter
A geyser is rated 1500W, 250V
...
Calculate –
i) The current drawn
ii) The energy consumed in 50hrs
...
2
...
What is the function of an electric fuse? Name the material used for making fuse
...
How alternating current differ
from direct current?
What is the difference between short circuiting and overloading?
a) Draw diagram showing three resistors R1, R2 and R3 in series
...
59
HOTS QUESTIONS (SOLVED / UNSOLVED)
Q
...
Ans
...
2
...
Q
...
Ans
...
Why are fairy decorative lights always connected in parallel?
When the fairy lights are connected in series the resistance offered will be greater and
brightness of the bulbs will be affected
...
What will happen when a) Voltmeter is connected in series?
b) Ammeter is connected in parallel?
a) Negligible current will pass through the circuit because the voltmeter has a very high
resistance
...
ELECTRICITY
ORAL QUESTIONS (CONVERSATION TYPE)
1
...
What are insulators? Give examples
...
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
What constitutes an electric current?
Name the SI unit of electric charge
...
a) Define electric current
...
Define one ampere
...
a)
b)
c)
d)
What does an electric circuit mean?
When does the current flow in an electric circuit?
How can the current be kept continuous in a conductor?
Which particles constitute current in a metallic conductor?
5
...
Name the SI unit of potential difference
...
Which unit is equivalent of joule / coulomb?
2
...
How does the resistance of a wire depend on its area of cross – section?
4
...
When are resistors said to be connected in parallel?
6
...
Why is tungsten not used as a fuse wire?
8
...
Why?
9
...
Should the heating element of an electric iron be made of iron, silver or nichrome
wire?
QUIZ – WHO AM I
1
...
25 x 1018 electrons
...
I am the rate of flow of charge through any section of a conductor
...
I am same as coulomb/second
...
I am closed path along which electric charges can flow
...
I am equal to the work done per unit charge from point to another
...
I am same as joule/coulomb
...
I oppose the flow of charges through any conductor
...
I am same as volt/ampere
...
I relate potential difference with current for a given resistance
...
I am used to measure potential difference between two points of a circuit
...
Unit of electrical power, named after the
Scottish inventor of the steam engine
8
...
The kind of electricity you create by rubbing
a balloon on your head
13
...
Emission of radiant energy in the form of
waves or particles
15
...
Opposition to the passage of an electric
current
19
...
Elementary particle that carries
a positive charge
2
...
Device for making, breaking, or
changing the connections in an
electrical circuit
4
...
Complete path of an electric
current including the source of
electric energy
6
...
Force acting on particles of
62
20
...
Uncharged elementary particle
22
...
Electrical charge with more
protons than electrons
12
...
Electrical flow through a
conductor
17
...
Unit of electrical resistance
ANSWERS - ELECTRICITY CROSSWORD
63
MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
KEY CONCEPTS & GIST OF THE LESSON
Magnet: (i) is an object that attracts objects made of iron, cobalt & nickel
...
Magnets are used: (i) In radio & stereo speakers, (ii) In refrigerator doors, (iii) on audio &
video cassettes players, (iv) On hard discs & floppies of computers & (v) in children‘s toys
...
It is a quantity that has both direction & magnitude
...
They are lines drawn in a
Magnetic field along which a North magnetic pole moves
...
Refer to figure 13
...
4 page no
...
C
...
R
...
(ii)
It is taken by convention that magnetic field lines emerge from
North pole and merge at the South pole
...
Therefore magnetic field
lines are closed curves
...
Right hand thumb rule: If a current carrying straight conductor is held in your right hand such
that the thumb points towards the direction of current, then the wrapped fingers show the
direction of magnetic field lines
...
7, page no
...
C
...
R
...
8, page no
...
C
...
R
...
If the radius increases, the
magnetic strength at the centre decreases
...
(iii)
The strength of the current flowing in the coil: as the strength of the
current increases, the strength of thee magnetic fields also increases
...
10, page no
...
C
...
R
...
(ii) Magnetic field produced by a Solenoid is similar to a bar magnet
...
64
Electromagnet: An electromagnet consists of a long coil of insulated copper wire wrapped on
a soft iron core
...
11, page no
...
C
...
R
...
Forefinger points in the direction of magnetic field and
centre finger in the direction of current, then the thumb gives the direction of force acting on
the conductor
...
13, page no
...
13 of N
...
E
...
T Text book)
Electric motor: A device that converts electric energy to mechanical energy
...
15, page no
...
C
...
R
...
With the
rotation of the coil, the shaft attached to it also rotates
...
Fleming‘s Right hand rule: gives the direction of induced current
...
Forefinger points in the direction of magnetic field and centre finger in the
direction of induced current, then the thumb gives the direction of motion of the conductor
...
(Refer to figure 13
...
236 of N
...
E
...
T Text book)
Electric generator is of two types- (i) A
...
C generator
Principle of Electric generator: Electromagnetic induction
Domestic electric circuits: (Refer to figure 13
...
C
...
R
...
In our houses
we receive AC electric power of 220V with a frequency of 50Hz
...
Short circuit: is caused by touching of live wires and neutral wire
Fuse: is a protective device used for protecting the circuits from short circuiting and over
loading
Important diagrams1
...
2
...
Magnetic field lines through and around a current carrying solenoid
...
An electromagnet
...
A simple electric motor
6
...
2
...
Important activitiesMagnetic field lines around a bar magnet
Direction of electric current in a simple electric circuit
...
MIND MAP
Fuse
wire
Domestic
electric circuits
Safety measure
Earth
Magnet and its
properties
Fleming right hand rule
...
Generator
Magnetic field lines
& properties
...
PAPER
MARKS-30
TIME- 70 MINUTES
Instructions:
Questions : 1 to 5 – 1 Mark each
Questions : 6 to 9 – 2 Marks each
Questions : 10 to 13 – 3 Marks each
Question 14 – 5 Marks
1
...
2
...
In which direction
will the electron deflected
...
State Fleming‘s left hand rule
...
What is the importance of earth wire?
5
...
Give two points of difference between and electromagnet and permanent magnet
...
Draw the lines of force indicating field direction of the magnetic field through and around
i)
Single loop of wire carrying electric current
...
8
...
10
...
Draw a schematic diagram of domestic wiring system and write its main features
...
Match the following:
A
i) Right hand thumb rule
ii) Fleming‘s left hand rule
a)
b)
iii) Fleming‘s right hand rule
c)
d)
B
Force on a conductor in a magnetic field
Direction of magnetic field of straight
conductor
Direction of induced current in
conductor
Polarity of any end of a solenoid
...
a) Draw a labelled diagram to show how electro – magnet is made
...
Write two differences between AC and DC current and draw diagram also
...
a) Write principle of electric generator
...
c) Draw labelled diagram of electric generator
...
A
...
A
...
A
...
2
...
4
...
Why don‘t two magnetic lines intersect each other?
What is the role of split ring in an electric motor?
What is an earth wire?
67
MAGNETIC EFFECT
ORAL QUESTIONS
1
...
a)
b)
c)
d)
State the law of magnetic poles
...
a)
b)
c)
d)
What is magnetic line of force?
Can two magnetic lines of force intersect? Give reason
...
Comment
...
a) What is a solenoid?
b) Is the magnetic field of a solenoid similar to that of a bar magnet?
c) State the two factors by which the strength of magnetic field inside a solenoid can be
increased
...
a)
b)
c)
d)
What is an electromagnet?
What is the effect of placing an iron core in a solenoid?
What type of core should be used inside a solenoid to make an electromagnet?
Give two advantages of electromagnets
...
What important observation did Oersted make in his experiments with current carrying
conductors?
2
...
A freely suspended magnet always points along north – south direction
...
What type of core should be used inside a solenoid to make an electromagnet?
68
5
...
6
...
A generator converts energy from one form to another
...
Which wire (live, neutral or earth) goes through the switch?
9
...
What is the colour convention for live, neutral and earth wires?
PUZZLE
Across
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
Down
5
...
6
...
7
...
2
1
M5
3
E6
G
4
7
69
70
ANSWERS-MAGNETISM
71
SOURCES OF ENERGY
KEY CONCEPTS & GIST OF THE LESSON
Characteristics of a good fuel:
(iv)
High calorific value
(v)
Less smoke
(vi)
Less residue after burning
(vii) Easy availability
(viii) Inexpensive
(ix)
Easy to store and transport
Fossil fuels: were formed millions of years ago, when plants and animal remains got buried
under the earth and were subjected to high temperature and pressure conditions
...
g
...
These fossil fuels are non renewable sources of energy and cause environmental problems due
to pollution
...
(ii)
Electricity transmission is very efficient
...
3, page no
...
C
...
R
...
(ii)
It is clean & non polluting source of energy
...
The stored water
has a lot of potential energy
...
Disadvantages of Hydro power plant:
(i)
Highly expensive to construct
...
(iii)
Large areas o human habitation and agricultural fields get submerged
...
Non conventional sources:
(1) Bio mass:
o It is the source of the conventionally used fuels that are used in our
country
...
g
...
(Anaerobic Respiration)
...
o Bio gas plants: Animal dung, sewage, crop residues, vegetable wastes,
poultry droppings, etc
...
o (Refer to figure 14
...
247 of N
...
E
...
T Text book)
(2) Wind energy:
o It can be converted into mechanical and electrical energy
...
o Wind mill-(Refer to figure 14
...
247 of N
...
E
...
T Text book)
o Advantages: (i) Eco friendly (ii) Renewable
o Disadvantages: (i) Wind speed not uniform always
...
(iii) Big amount of investment is needed
...
o Photovoltaic cells convert solar radiations directly into electricity through
silicon solar cells
...
o Solar cookers are painted black from outside and a large glass plate to trap
solar radiations by green house effect
...
6, page no
...
C
...
R
...
(iv) Retains all the nutrients in food due to slow cooking
...
(ii) Solar radiations are not uniform over earth‘s surface
...
(iv) Cannot be used to make chapattis for frying as these
require a temperature of 1400C or more
...
(ii)
Magma is formed when this heat melts the rocks
...
These
places are called ‗Hot spots‖
(iv)
When underground water comes in contact these hot spots, it changes into
steam, which can be used to generate electricity
...
(ii)
Expensive
(5) Nuclear energy:
(i) Energy released when some changes take place in the nucleus of the atom of a
substance, is called Nuclear energy
...
73
o Advantages of Nuclear energy:
(i)
Alternative source of energy due to depletion of fossil fuels
...
o Disadvantages of Nuclear energy:
(i)
Risk of nuclear waste leakage
(ii)
High cost of setting up of nuclear plant
(iii)
Pollution of environment
...
Bengal
(i) Depends upon harnessing the rise and fall of sea level due to tidal action
...
Disadvantages: Uniform tidal action is not seen
(B) Wave energy:
(i) Kinetic energy of the waves of sea are used to rotate turbines
...
2
...
4
...
PAPER
MARKS-30
TIME- 70 MINUTES
Instructions:
Questions : 1 to 5 – 1 Mark each
Questions : 6 to 9 – 2 Marks each
Questions : 10 to 13 – 3 Marks each
Question 14 – 5 Marks
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
What type of energy transformation takes place during winding of spring of a clock?
6
...
7
...
8
...
9
...
What is thermal power plant? Where it is preferably situated?
What is the principle of solar cooker? Give two limitations and two advantages of solar
cooker
...
Mention two advantages and disadvantages of
producing electricity at the hydro power plant
...
b) Pouring dry sand over the fire extinguishes it
...
11
...
13
...
14
...
c) Draw a labelled diagram of biogas
...
Name the materials used for making solar cells
...
Silicon, Germanium and Selenium
2
...
47%
76
3
...
A
...
Why is biogas called a clean fuel?
A
...
HOTS QUESTIONS (UNSOLVED)
1
...
2
...
3
...
Why?
4
...
Why is charcoal considered to be a better fuel than wood?
6
...
In parabolic reflector type coolers, even temperature up to 1800C- 2000C can be attained
...
Modern chulahs are more efficient than traditional chulahs
...
How is hydro energy converted into electrical energy?
10
...
a) What is a good source of energy?
b) Name one good source of energy
...
2
...
d) Name some non – renewable source of energy arising due to sun
...
3
...
g) What are these substances called?
h) What is this phenomenon of breaking up of radioactive isotopes called?
i) Name the rays emitted
...
Which component of solar radiations produces heat?
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
What is the main transformation of energy during working of a windmill?
7
...
I am a force that cannot be created but my form may be changed
...
I am an important part of the system that transforms that transforms K
...
/ P
...
into electrical
energy
...
4
...
6
...
8
...
10
...
I used to thrown as a waste material for centuries
...
I have a huge body capable of eating water from any source with a decorative head called
Hydroelectric power station
...
I produce a chain of reactions each step capable of producing tremendous amount of energy
...
I am the lightest fuel with a large potential as a source of energy
...
PUZZLES
1
...
A type of metal that allows only partial current to pass (13)
3
...
Vegetable and animal waste (7)
4
...
Across
1
...
A substance which slows down the speed of neutrons in nuclear reactor (9)
Down
3
...
Isotope commonly used in nuclear reactor (7)
3
4
2
1
D
T
R
R
M
A
M
80
ENERGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE-CLUES
Down
o
2 A poisonous, odourless gas
o
5 A plant's pollen that causes air pollution
o
6 Pollution created by natural sources
o
7 An opening in the Earth's crust which throws hot gases, magma and ashes
o
9 Humans that make the land, water and air dirty and harmful to living things
o
10 Land, air and water that gets dirty and is harmful to living things naturally
o
17 This makes windmills turn
o
18 Energy created from the earth
Across
o
1 Any kind of power
o
3 Precipitation combined with sulphur dioxide
o
4 Where nuclear energy is produced
o
8 Something in air, water, land that makes it dirty
o
10 Land, air and water that gets dirty and is harmful to living things
o
11 The type of energy that comes from the sun
o
12 Power or energy than can be released from the nucleus of an atom
o
13 Coal, oil and gas
o
14 Biological mass
o
15 Lightning, batteries, light bulbs and plugs
o
16 Clear liquid that is cold
81
ENERGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
82
Energy Crossword Puzzle Answers
Down
o
2 carbon monoxide
o
5 goldenrod weeds
o
6 natural wastes
o
7 volcanoes
o
9 manmade
o
10 natural pollution
o
17 wind
o
18 geothermal energy
Across
o
1 energy
o
3 acid rain
o
4 nuclear power plants
o
8 pollution
o
11 solar
o
12 nuclear energy
o
13 fossil fuels
o
14 biomass
83
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT I
1/2
TIME: 3-3 HOURS
M
...
The question paper comprises of two sections, A and B, you are to attempt both the sections
...
All the questions are compulsory
...
There is no overall choice
...
Only one option in each question is to be attempted
...
All questions of section A and all questions of Section B are to attempted separately
...
Question numbers 1 to 4 in Section A are one mark question
...
6
...
7
...
8
...
9
...
Each question is a one mark question
...
SECTION – A
1
...
Why are titanium and chromium classified as strategic element?
3
...
A drop of litmus solution is added to each of the four solutions give below
...
Soap solution, Sodium bicarbonate solution, Acetic acid, Tomato juice
5
...
Aluminium metal replaces iron from ferric oxide
...
b
...
6
...
7
...
8
...
9
...
What does the magnetic field pattern inside the solenoid indicate?
10
...
Calculate the total electrical energy consumed by the tube lights and press in a
month of 30 days
...
Given the following reaction
2Al + Fe2O3 2Fe + Al2O3 + Heat
Answer the following with reason
...
Name the oxidising agent
...
Name the reducing agent
...
Name the substance oxidised
...
A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with a
proper quantity of water
...
Write the chemical equation for its preparation
...
a
...
85
b
...
Name the anode and the cathode used in electrolytic refining of impure copper metal
...
What are the functions of
a
...
Cytokinins
c
...
Define ‗nerve impulse‘ which structure in a neuron helps to conduct a nerve impulse
...
State three advantages associated with using solar cells to produce electricity
...
a
...
b
...
c
...
18
...
An electric bulb is rated as 50W, 220V
...
Express your answer in commercial units of electricity
...
Distinguish between Overloading and Short Circuiting in a domestic circuit
...
Why is it essential to earth electrical appliances having metallic body?
19
...
Name the hormone thati
...
Prepares the body for action
iii
...
Brings about changes in boys at puberty
86
v
...
Draw neat and labelled diagram of digestive system
...
i
...
Liver
iii
...
a
...
Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity?
c
...
What is efflorescence?
e
...
a
...
i
...
ii
...
iii
...
b
...
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
v
...
a
...
87
ii) the solar cooker box is covered with a glass sheet
...
b
...
a) Oxidation of chlorophyll
b) Excitation of chlorophyll
c) Reduction of chlorophyll
d) Evolution of O2
Which of the following does not secrete any hormone?
a) Testis
b) Spleen
c) Ovary
d) Pancreas
Which part of sunlight is used in making solar cell?
a) Infrared radiation
b) Ultraviolet radiation
c) Visible radiation
d) All of these
Which one of the following reaction can be a non – redox reaction?
a) Combination
b) Decomposition
c) Displacement
d) Double displacement
...
a) i
...
33
b) ii
...
c) iii
...
and iv
Seeds which are kept in the conical flask during the experiment that CO2 is released during
respiration must be
...
a)
Ammeter A1 and voltmeter V1
c) Ammeter A1 and voltmeter V2
37
b) Ammeter A2 and voltmeter V2
d) Ammeter A2 and voltmeter V2
The given circuit diagram shows the experiment arrangement of different circuit components for
determination of equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series
...
They connect the terminals marked X and Y above to the terminals marked X and Y in the given
circuit
...
The average value of the ratio V/I in their observations would be minimum for:
a) Students (A) and (B) only
b) Students (B) and (C) only
c) Students (C) and (A) only
d) Student (A) only
...
For testing the presence of starch an illuminated leaf is first
a) Boiled in alcohol
b) Dipped in iodide solution
c) Boiled in water
d) Placed in safranin solution
41
...
The colour of the strip
a) Turned blue
b) did not change
c) Turned green
c) Turned light pink
42
...
Carbon and its compounds
2
...
How do organisms Reproduction
4
...
Light-Reflection and refraction
6
...
Management of natural resources
8
...
Free state: Diamond ,graphite and coal
...
Solid state: All animals and plants products
...
Liquid state: Petroleum and vegetable oil
...
Gaseous state: In air has CO 3
...
It can also form
of cations C+4 by loss of electron
...
Compounds of carbon: Simplest compounds of carbon are hydro carbon and simplest hydro carbon
is methane
...
ALKANES
e
...
ethane (C2H6)
alkenes(CnH2n)
Ehene C2H4
alkynes
...
Cyclohe
xane
...
Carbon atoms are bonded by
one or more doubled covalent
bond
...
Isomerism:The phenomenon of existence of compounds in two or more forms with same molecular
formula but different structure
...
Sr
...
Hetro atoms
Functional
groups
1
...
oxygen
Halochloro/bromo
1
...
Aldehyde
-CHO
3
...
Carboxylic
acid
-COOH
Chloromethane(CH3Cl)
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES:A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitude for
hydrogen in a carbon chain,such that successive compounds differ by CH2 groups e
...
NOMENCLATURE OF CARBON COMPOUNDS:
Prefix word root+suffix+Functiuonal group
...
common name acetic acid
...
Suphuric acid to form a sweet smelling substance ester
...
g
Conc H2SO4
94
CH3COOH+C2H5OH
Saponfication reaction :
CH3COOC2H5+NaOH
CH3COOC2H5+H2O
Alkaline hydrolysis of ester produces soaps
...
2CH3COOH+Na2CO3
2CH3COONa+CO2+H2O
SOAP AND DETERGENT: Soap is sodium and potassium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid
...
Detergent are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acid
...
95
MIND MAP
96
Topic 1: Carbon and its compounds
F
...
1
...
H2SO4
...
What happened when a small piece of sodium is dropped into ethanol ?
1
3
...
Give an example of esterification reaction
...
Name the product obtained when ethanol is oxidized by either chromic anhydride or alkaline
potassium permanganate
...
Write the chemical equation repressing the preparation reaction of ethanol from ethane
...
7
...
Draw the electronic dot structure of ethane molecule (C2H6) 2
9
...
2
10
...
2
11
...
2
12
...
Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding ? 2
14
...
2
15 Allotropy is a property shown by which class: substances elements compounds or mixtures ?
give one examples of allotropy
...
How may be the following be obtained from ethanol ? express giving chemical equations
...
2
17
...
(i) Ethanol (ii) Methanol
2
18
...
Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions of organic compounds 3
...
3
21 Name the organic acid present in vinegar
...
3
HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) QUESTIONS:
1
...
2
...
a
...
b
...
97
C
...
d
...
e
...
3
...
What are the various possible structure formulae of a compound having molecular formula
C3H6O
...
Also give the IUPAC names of the above possible compounds
...
What is the similarity in these compounds?
4
...
5
...
Which
one of the two is most likely to show addition
...
Explain with the help of a
chemical equation ,how an addition reaction is used in vegetable ghee industry
...
1ml glacial acetic acid and 1ml of ethanol are mixed together in a test tube
...
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
7
...
a
...
Write your observation when the compound ‗X‘ is made to react with compound ‗Y‘ which
is used as a preservative for pickles
...
A-IV
QUIZ:
1
...
2
...
?
3
...
Name the product other than water formed on burning of ethanol in air
...
i
...
ii
...
iii
...
iv
...
M
...
Qs
...
Dilute acetic acid was added to the four test tubes containing the following chemical
...
KOH ii
...
K2CO3 iv
...
Which of the following solution of acetic acid in water can be used as vinegar used in pickles?
a) 5-10% b
...
20-130% d
...
The suffix used for naming an aldehyde is
a
...
al c
...
ene
4
...
and the
process is called…………………
...
b)
...
reducing agent
,esterification
...
Acid & esterification
...
2ml of ethanoic acid was taken in each of the three test tubes
...
4ml and 8ml water
was added to them ,respectively
...
Test tube A only
...
Test tubes A & B only
...
Test tubes B and C only
...
All the test tubes
...
2 ml pf acetic acid was added in drops to 5ml of water it was noticed that:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
7
...
The observation made was that
a
...
Brown fumes evolved
...
Brisk effervescence occurred
...
A pungent smelling gas evolved
...
Acetic acid , when dissolved in water, it dissociates into ions reversibly because it is a :
A
...
strong acid
...
weak base
...
strong base
...
Which of the following hydrocarbon can show isomerism?
a
...
C2H6
c
...
Combustion of hydrocarbon is generally accompanied by evolution of
a
...
Light
c
...
Electric current
...
C4H10
PUZZLE :
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5 Gas released when sodium metal is dropped in ethanol
...
The functional group present in methanol
...
IUPAC name of alkene containing 3 carbon atoms
...
The number of single covalent compounds present in pentane
...
First member of homologous serious alkyne
...
Simplest ketone
...
Self linking property of carbon
...
Product formed by dehydration of ethanol in conc
...
13
...
14
...
15
...
Activity :
1
...
2
...
CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
3
...
4
...
PROJECTS :
To prepare models of methane ,ethane,ethyne and benzene molecules using thermocols ,ball
and match sticks
...
Role of esters in everyday life
...
Condemning the use of alcohol as a social practice
...
Use of biodegradable synthetic for cleansing purpose
...
Early attempt to classify elements:
DOBEREINER’S TRIADS:
He arranged the elements with similar properties in a group of three known as triad in such a
manner that the atomic mass of the middle element was approximately the average of the other two
elements
LIMITATIONS:
100
Only three triads were identified from the element known at that time
...
NEWLAND’S LAW OF OCTAVES :
He arranged the element in the order of increasing atomic masses starting with hydrogen(least
atomic mass ) and ended with thorium having atomic mass 56
...
Iit was compared to music notation sa,re
,ga ,ma, pa ,da ,ni ,sa,and thus the name Newlands law of octaves(notes of music )
...
It was applicable only for lighter element having atomic mass upto 40 amu ,i
...
upto calcium
...
He believed that only 56 elements existed in nature but later on more element were discovered
whose properties did not fit into Newland law of octaves
...
Some elements having different properties were grouped together like cobalt and nickel have
been placed with halogens
...
properties of hydrides and oxides of different element were
studied and elements with similar properties were grouped together
...
there were 7 groups in table and group is subdivided into subgroups A and B
except group 7 which has three sets of elements in 4th , 5th , 6th period
...
Position of hydrogen was not assigned correctly
...
No separate position has been given to isotopes of an element
...
Some element having higher atomic mass are placed before the elements with lower atomic
mass
...
Modern periodic table consists of 18 vertical columns known as group , and 7 horizontal rows
known as periods
...
Elements in group 2 are called alkaline earth metals
...
Group 18 element are called inert gasses or noble gases
...
101
PERIODS
1ST PERIOD – 2 elments and is called very short period
...
3rd PERIOD – 8 elements and are called short period
...
5th PERIOD – 18 elements and are called long period
...
7th PERIOD- incomplete period
...
VALENCY :
It is defined as the combing capacity of an atom of an element to acquire noble gas configuration
...
ATOMIC SIZE / ATOMIC RADII:
It is defined as the distance from the centre of the nucleus to the outer most cell of atom
...
On moving down the group the atomic radii increases
...
All though the nucleus charge also increases , but
it is compensated by the additional shell being added thus , increasing the size of the atom
...
Due to the increase nuclear charge , the pull on the
electron increases and hence, they are pulled closer to the nucleus thus, decreasing the atomic size
...
Metal reacts with oxygen to form oxides by loss of electrons
...
REACTIVITY OF ELEMENTS
...
Reactivity of non metals decreases down the group because of the increased atomic size and the
tendency to gain electron decreases
...
102
MIND MAP
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT III
TIME: 1 HRS
M
...
1what is the position of hydrogen in the modern periodic table?
(1)
Q
...
3 An element M is the third group of the periodic table
...
4 What is the valency of magnesium with atomic no
...
17?
(1)`
Q
...
6 on the basis of electronic configuration , how will you select
(1)
i)the terminating member in a period
...
Q
...
8 element in a group of periodic table have similar chemical properties why ?
(2)
Q
...
10 where in periodic table do we find :
i)elements classified as non metal
...
iii)elements with high melting points
...
(2)
103
Q
...
Explain
...
12 elements in a group of periodic table have similar chemical properties why (2)
Q
...
Why?
Q
...
15i)Why is potassium more reactive than lithium ?
ii)why is fluorine is more reactive than chlorine ?
iii)which is smaller in size Cl or Ar ?
iv)which is smaller in size Li or F ?
v)which is more electronegative F or Cl?
Q
...
of an element is 17
...
18?
iv) What type of bonds it will form with elements of group 18?
v) How would its oxide behave with litmus solution?
(5)
HOTS QUESTIONS
Q
...
?
ii) What type of ion will it form ?
iii) What will be the formula of its chloride ?
iv) Predict the solubility of its chloride ?
Q
...
3 element X with atomic 12 and element Y with atomic number 17 reacts with hydrogen to form
hydrides
...
4 why is position of hydrogen not justified in modern periodic table?
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IV
QUIZ
Q
...
Q
...
Q
...
Q
...
Q
...
Q
...
Q
...
Q
...
9 Name the lustrous non metal having 7 valence electron
...
10 Name the highly reactive metal that give violet colour to flame
...
11 Name the gas used in coloured advertising lights having 2 valence electron
...
B) Achievements of Mendeleev‘s and modern periodic table
...
PROJECTS
1 Power point Presentation on the following topics:
1
...
Contribution by various Scientists towards the development of Periodic Table
...
PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION
1
...
2
...
TOPIC 3: HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE?
GIST OF THE LESSON
1)
Reproduction: process by which living organism produce new individual of their own kind
...
3)
Importance of variation: variations are created by DNA copying mechanism during sexual
reproduction
...
9)
Puberty: The age, when reproductive organs become functional,(in female 10-12 years, in male
13-14 years)
...
11)
Female reproductive system in human beings
...
b)
Some common STDs are gonorrhea, syphilis & HIV-AIDS
...
1)
What is reproduction?
2)
Have you seen seeds of rose or potato? Name some plants whose seeds you may have seen
...
106
HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) QUESTIONS
1)
Give two reasons for the appearance or variation among the progeny formed by sexual
reproduction
...
Give one reason
...
State an advantage the parasite gets because of this type of reproduction
...
*Activity- to grow rhizopus & prepare its temporary slide
...
App: slice of bread, water, box, slide, cover slip
...
*Project: 1
...
b) To study the seeds during sprouting period
...
How do organisms reproduce
...
Seprating the various parts of any 5 flowers displaying and comparing them
...
Growing some plants by vegetative propagation
...
*Symposium: gender related problems: female infanticide
...
*Debate: is it necessary to learn about reproductive health from class VII?
TOPIC 4: HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
POINTS TO REMEMBER:
1
...
VARIATION: It occurs due to sexual reproduction, inaccuracies during DNA replicating
(mutation) and due to environmental factors
...
GENETICS: Branch of biology dealing with the study of heredity and variations
...
ALLELES :There is one pair of alleles which can express itself whether present in homozygous
state or heterozygous state
...
GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL:- (1822-1884): He is known as the father of ‗genetics‘
...
6
...
PHENOTYPE: Visible traits of an individual
...
8
...
9
...
(Formation of new species)
MIND MAP
108
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT –III
TICK THE CORRECT OPTION:
1
...
21
b
...
23 d
...
An example of homologous organs is
a
...
/our seethe and an elephant‘s tusk
c
...
D
...
3
...
Segments of RNA b
...
c
...
Chromatin
4
...
a
...
paleontology
c
...
If a trait exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B in 60% of
the same population which trait is likely to have arisen earlier?
2
...
Flavours of mangoes 3
...
Starch quality of wheat
...
Explain how advantages variations like long neck help an organism like Giraffe to survive
better?
4
...
Intelligence
b
...
Swimming
d
...
5
...
Acquiered characters are not inherited
...
7
...
8
...
7 ,page 147 of textbook
...
Observe the diagram properly, mention the ration of round, yellow seeds and wrinkled,green
seeds
...
5,page 145 of text book
...
From the figures given below ,make a pair of homologous and analogous organs
...
Refer to page 132, diagram 9
...
110
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT –IV
QUIZ
A
...
Producers prepare their _____________
C
...
Ecology is the study of the interaction of_________ with each other and their surroundings
...
Mendel’s work
B
...
Role play
D
...
GROUP DISCUSSION
If Mendel had met!
Projects: 1
...
Children collect information about the Tigers from various
national Parks and Wild life sanctuaries
...
3
...
Visit
to Vetenary college
...
Visit to an agricultural research Institute to understand the various techniques involved in
Hybridisation
...
1
...
Evolution of wisdom teeth in parents
...
Free and attached earlobes
...
Rolling of tongue
...
Finger prints
...
Activity; To study vestigial organs in Human beings
...
Then come to the
conclusion
...
It brings the sensation of sight
...
It also provides us means of communication (fiber-optics)
...
Its speed depends on the
medium
...
A
bundle of rays originating from the same source of light in a particular direction is called a beam of
light
...
5) Image: the point of convergence or the point form where the light appears to diverge after reflection
or refraction is called image
...
7) Angle of reflection: the angle between the reflected ray and the normal at the point of reflection is
called angle of reflection
...
2) The angle of reflection and the angle of incidence are equal
...
10) Focus: the point on the principle axis where all parallel rays meet after reflection is called
principle focus
...
2) The rays of light passing through the focus will emerge parallel to the principle axis after reflection
...
(as it is normal at the point of incidence)
4) The rays of light falling at the pole get reflected at the same angle on the other side of principle
axis
...
e
...
14) Mirror formula: 1/f= 1/v +1/u where f, v and u are the focal length, image distance and object
distance
...
MIND MAP
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT –III
(Pen Paper Test)
1) If the speed of light in a medium id 2 x 108 m/s, then its refractive index is:
a) 1 b) 10 cm c) 1
...
5
2) The power of sunglasses is
a) 0 b) 10cm c) 25cm d) zero
3) The refractive index of diamond is 2
...
What is the meaning of this statement in relation to
the speed of light?
113
4) Draw a ray diagram and show the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is kept at
focus
...
find
the nature and position of image
...
5D and -2
...
Find the power & focal
length of lens combination?
1) Define 1) Snell‘s law of refraction of light
...
7) An object of size 4cm is kept at a distance of 20cm from the optical center of a converging lens
of a focal length 10cm
...
8) a) Define magnification
...
b) Using lens formulae, find the position of image, its nature and magnification formed by a
concave lens of focal length 20cm and the object is at 15cm
...
what is a angle of incidence and
reflection?
10) What is power of accommodation?
Home assignment:
1
...
What is the lens formula? Write the sign convention for various mirror and lens
...
Name the lens/ mirror in the following situations;
i) Rear View mirror ii) magnifying Glass iii) Mirror with Dentist iv) Correction of Myopia
...
The power of the lens is -2D
...
To find the focal length of the given concave mirror using candle light
...
Study the phenomena of refraction of light in different medium( Glass slab, Plastic, etc)
115
MIND MAP
Refraction occurs as
the speed of light is
different in different
medium
...
Convex and
Concave lens
Snell‘s law of refraction
...
index= speed of light in Vacuum/ speed
of light in medium
...
Optical density is the ability of
a medium to refract light
Convex lens forms real and
virtual image
...
( u>2f; u=2f; u<2f)
The virtual image is formed
when u< f
...
Concave lens always
forms Virtual image
...
Unit of Power=Dioptre
...
3) Sky appears black in Moon
...
4) A person with a myopia eye cannot see objects beyond a distance of 1
...
What would be the
power of corrective lens? Which type of lens is used?
5) What do you understand by myopia? Write two causes of it?
6) What do you mean by far point and near point of eye?
7) What is presbyopia? State the cause of it and how is it corrected?
8) Explain: 1) why does sky look blue on a clear day
2) Twinkling of stars
...
HOTS
1
...
but when a person enter in
to dim light each iris takes sometimes to increase the diameter of the pupil so that more amount of
light can enter the eyes to see the objects clearly and rods of the retina also takes some time to
adjust –themselves to get the picture of the object in the dim light
...
3
...
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT –IV
QUIZ: A
1
...
Name the muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil
...
What is the cause of dispersion of light?
4
...
118
5
...
What makes bees respond to ultraviolet light?
Quiz:B
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
What is the focal length of a plane mirror?
Which of the two has a great power, a lens of shot focal lenth or a lens of large length?
What does m= +1 stand for?
What is the power of a lens if its focal lenth is 50cm?
What is the nature of image at retina?
Name the point inside the lens through which a ray of light goes deviated?
What is the S
...
unit of power of a lens?
Home Assignment
1
...
2
...
Why do we not perceive the depth of a lake ?
4
...
5
...
6
...
What is Mirage?
Project work:
1) To understand the dispersion of light with help of activity?
(Hint: materials, an irregularly shaped glass, white screen)
...
(hint: 1) Sun rise and sun set
2
...
3
...
2) Pollution: it is defined as the undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological
characteristics of our soil, air or water, which harmfully affect human lives or the lives of
other species
...
The acidic and basic character of
aqueous solutions can be described in terms of hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ion
concentration a pH below 7 indicates an acid solution and above 7 indicates an alkaline
solution
...
5) Sustainable Development: It is the development which can be maintained for a long time
without undue damage to the environment
...
With the rapid increase
in human population, due to improvement in health care, the demand for all resources is
also increasing
...
8) Wildlife: It means all those naturally occurring animals, plants and their species which are
not cultivated, domesticated and tamed
...
10) Fossil Fuels: These fuels are obtained from the remains of plants and animals, which got
buried beneath the earth millions of years ago, changed into coal, petroleum and natural gas
due to excessive heat and high pressure inside the earth
...
It also contains inorganic matter
...
E
...
:
Fossil fuels
...
14) Management of Fossil fuels: The natural gas is a good alternative to fossil fuels like coal
and petroleum
...
Should be promoted to save the reserves of
fossil fuels
...
MIND MAP
121
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT –III
(paper pen test)
Q 1
...
A
...
Banerjee b
...
Sundar Lal Bahuguna d
...
ii
...
soil b
...
air d
...
The pH range most conductive for life of fresh water plants and animals is
a
...
5-7
...
2
...
5 c
...
5-5
...
9
...
5
1
1
Q
...
Why should there be equitable distribution of resources
Q5 why are coal and petroleum known as fossil fuels?why do we need to conserve them?
Q 6
...
Who are the stakeholders in forest? Why do we think so?
2
2
2
3
3
HOTS
1
...
Explain the main points of difference between Agro Forestry and Urban Forestry Programme
...
Beutiful Landscapes are of great value to Human Beings
...
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT –IV
QUIZ
1
...
Kerala
b
...
Uttarakhand
d
...
Kulhs are irrigation Canals of
a
...
Karnataka
c
...
Assam
3
...
Sulphurdioxide
b
...
Carbondioxide
d
...
Which of the following bacteria is found in Garga water ?
a
...
Streptococcus bacteria
c
...
Diplococcus bacteria
5
...
Local people and industries
b
...
Forest enthusiasts
d
...
Arabari forest of Bengal is dominated by
a
...
Sal
c
...
Mangrove
7
...
Industries b
...
Crops d
...
Red data book provides a list of :
a
...
Rear animals for milk c
...
Both a & b
9
...
Ganga b
...
Yamuna d
...
Pynes System of irrigation is common in:
a
...
Madhya Pradesh c
...
Himachal Pradesh
Debate:
Topic ―Money spent on protection of wild life should actually be spent for the welfare of poor
people‖
Seminar :
Reading papers by the students on the following topics:
i
...
Sustainable development
Symposium
i
...
Home Assignment
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
Topic 8
OUR ENVIRONMENT
GIST
1
...
2
...
a) Biotic components of environment – The living organisms e
...
Plants and animals
...
3
...
( Functional unit of an environment)
123
4
...
5
...
They are called consumers
...
BIODEGRABLE – Substances that are broken down by the action of bacteria or saprophytes
...
g
...
7
...
e
...
Plastic
...
FOOD CHAIN – The process of one organism eating the other
...
FOODWEB --- It is a network of food links between populations in a community
...
10% LAW OF ENERGY FLOW – The energy available at any trophic level in a food chain
is 10% of the previous one
...
BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION – Progressive accumulation of nonbiodegradable waste
at various trophic levels of food chain
...
Write any two ways of energy flow through an ecosystem
...
Differentiate between biodegradable and non biodegradable with respect to the effect of
biological processes on them and the way they affect our environment
...
Which level shows the maximum biological magnification? Why?
125
4
...
5
...
6
...
Why do most food chains have 3-5 steps only?
8
...
9
...
Express your feelings on the picture given down below
...
TICK THE CORRECT OPTIONS:1
...
Which of the following is biodegradable?
a) Cow dung
b) Plastic
c) DDT
d) Radioactive wastes
3
...
Which of the following is constituent of food chain?
a) Grass, wheat and mango
c) Goat, cow and elephant
5
...
2) Distinguish between producers and consumers
...
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
EACH QUESTION CARRIES THREE MARKS
1
...
2
...
3
...
What is meant by a trophic level? Why do we have a greater number of organisms at
lower levels?
Long answer (5 marks)
5
...
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT – IV
Quiz:
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
Seminar: Children discuss ways and means to reduce the problems given below:
a) Ozone depletion
b) Garbage disposal
Symposium:
Environment problems: Groups mention the problems they are facing in day today life
...
Activities:
a) To study the ill effects of using some chemical like CFCS, nitrogenous fertilizers, DDT etc
...
1
...
2
...
3
...
128
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT – II
Time: 3 Hrs
Max
...
You are to attempt both the sections
...
iii)
There is no overall choice
...
Only one option in each question is to be attempted
...
v)
Question numbers 1 to 3 in Section A are 1 mark questions
...
vi)
Question numbers 4 to 7 are 2 mark questions, to be answered in about 30 words
...
viii)
Question numbers 20 to 24 are 5 mark questions, to be answered in about 70 words
...
Each
question is 1 mark question
...
Section-A
Q
...
Q
...
3 List any two common methods by which solid wastes of urban areas are disposed off
...
4 Why do we see stars twinkling whereas, where as planets do not twinkle?
Q
...
6 (i)Why are Coal and petroleum called fossil fuels?
(ii) Name the two elements which are present both in CNG and Petroleum?
Q
...
8 Pure- breed pea plants A are crossed with pure breed pea plants B
...
Which of the
plants A and B: (i) tall,(ii) dwarf ? Give reason for your answer
...
9 A student sitting in the last row of the classroom is not able to read clearly the writing on the
Blackboard:
(a) Name the type of defect of vision he is suffering from
(b) How can this defect be corrected ?
Q
...
(b) Give a chemical test to identify this compound
...
How would you
identify this gas
...
11(a) Explain the terms (i)Implantation (ii)Placenta
(b) What is the average duration of human pregnancy?
(c) What happens when the egg is not fertilized?
Q
...
Name the types of the spherical mirror A and B
...
13 An organic compound ‗A‘ is an essential constituent of wine and beer
...
Name the compounds ‗A‘ and ‗B‘
and write their structural formula
...
Q
...
Trunk of the elephant and hand of a chimpanzee
2
...
3
...
Q
...
(i) What should be the range of the distance of object from the mirror?
(ii) Will the image be bigger or smaller than the object?
(iii) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case
...
16 ( a) Why does carbon form largest number of compounds?
(b) Why are some of these called saturated and other unsaturated compounds?
(c) Which of these is more reactive?
Q
...
18 (a) State two effects produced by scattering of light by the atmosphere?
(b)Why are ‗danger‘ signal lights red in colour?
(c)What would the sky look like if the earth had no atmosphere?
Q
...
20 (a) What are the main reasons why human beings are over-exploiting the forests?
(b)What are the effects of damages?
(c)Names the different measures taken up for the conservation of forests?
Q
...
Q
...
( c ) Draw labelled ray diagrams to show the formation of the required image in each of the above
two cases
...
...
23 a) Define homologous series of organic compounds
...
b) Name the compound formed on heating ethanol at 443k with excess of conc
...
c) Describe a chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid
...
24 (a) Give an example of bisexual flower
...
Give reason
...
25
...
The solution
a) remained blue and a coating was formed on the nail
b) turned green and a coating was formed on the nail
c) remained blue and no coating was formed on the nail
d) turned green and no coating was formed on the nail
Q
...
A student put a big iron nail each in 4 test-tube containing solutions of zinc sulphate, aluminum
sulphate, copper sulphate, and iron sulphate
...
27
...
2mL od solution of
Al2(SO4)3in water was filled din each of the test tubes
...
It was observed that no
change occurred in any of the test tubes
...
28
...
29
...
After one hour, the student
observed that
(a) water absorbed by raisins in beaker A was more than that absorbed by raisins in beaker B
131
(b) water absorbed by raisins in beaker B was more than that absorbed by raisins in beaker A
(c) the amount of water absorbed by the raisins of both beakers A and B was equal
...
30
...
The liquid in the bottle could be
a) Hydrochloric acid solution
b) sodium hydroxide solution
c) Acetic acid
d) saturated sodium bicarbonate
Q
...
In amoeba, asexual reproduction by multiple fission
a) never take place
b) sometimes takes place
c) take place when amoeba wishes
d) take place during unfavorable environment conditions
Q
...
For determining the percentage of water absorbed by raisins in a given time, apart from water,
raisins and a watch, we shall also require
(a) a beaker, a graduated cylinder, a thermometer ,a filter paper
...
(c) a beaker, a thermometer, a filter paper, a weighing balance
...
Q
...
The inner surface of a stainless steel spoon behaves as__________
...
(b) convex mirror
...
34
...
In order to
obtain a sharp image on the screen, he will have to shift the mirror
(a) towards the screen
(b) away from screen
(c) either towards or away from screen, depending upon the position of the object
(d) to a position very far away from the screen
Q
...
In an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens, a student obtained a sharp
inverted image of a distant tree on the screen behind the lens
...
She will see
(a) an inverted image of the tree at the focus of the lens
(b) no image as the screen has been removed
(c) a blurred image on the wall of the lab
(d) an erect image of the tree on the lens
Q
...
A student is to find the focal length of a (i) concave mirror, (ii) convex lens by using a distant
object
...
37
...
B) Draw normal on the top side of these outlines near their left end
C) Draw the incident rays on the three outlines in direction, making angles of 30o, 45o, 60o with the
normal drawn
D) Fix two pins vertically on each of these incident rays at two points nearly 1 cm apart
...
These two Guidelines are
(a) B & C
(b) C & D
(c) D & E
(d) B & D
Q
...
If you find the focal length of a concave and convex mirror respectively which appears to be the
same say 20cm
...
(b) smaller in concave mirror
(c) bigger in convex mirror
(d) bigger in concave mirror
Q
...
Which one of the following is depicted in the sketch of a slide shown below?
(a) Binary fission in yeast
(b) Budding in yeast
(c) Binary fission in amoeba
(d) Budding in amoeba
Q
...
which one out of the following diagrams correctly depicts an amoebas
Undergoing binary fission?
(a) I
(b) II
(c) III
(d) IV
Q
...
Acetic acid is:
(a) Colourless, pungent smelling liquid
(b) Colourless, sweet smelling liquid
(c) Green coloured liquid having pungent smell
(d) none of the above
Q
...
If the object is at 2F of a convex lens, and then the image is at:
(a) 2F (b) F
(c) infinity
(d) Between F and 2F
133
Title: tip to top
Description: best of luck for your exams .these notes will help you a lot
Description: best of luck for your exams .these notes will help you a lot