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Title: IB Physics Topic 12 Notes
Description: Notes for Topic 12 (Deep Nuclear Physics) of IB Physics.
Description: Notes for Topic 12 (Deep Nuclear Physics) of IB Physics.
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12
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The wave speed of the speed of light is:
Maxwell's theory confirmed that light is a wave, which is evident in phenomena such as diffraction, interference, polarisation and others
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Each quantum or bundle of light has energy
given by:
•
•
•
is the energy
is the frequency of light
is Planck's constant
A beam of light of frequency is thought to be a very large number of quanta
...
The energy of the beam is an integral multiple of , meaning that energy less than
would never be found in a beam
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The theory of relativity states that if a particle moves at the speed of light then it will have zero mass
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A bulb emits a continuous emission of light
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The spots on that filament would be emitting and not emitting (on and off) randomly
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This implies that the Newtonian formula for momentum,
Topic 12 Page 2
, does not apply to particles with zero mass
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This is because certain metals are photosensitive, meaning that when they are struck by radiant energy, the y emit electrons from their surface
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Light falls onto the photo -surface, which does work and emits electrons
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As the magnitude of the voltage is increased, fewer and fewer electrons make it to the plate and then eventually no electron will arrive there
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The stopping voltage is the voltage at which the current becomes zero
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The maximum kinetic energy of the electrons is
electron
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The work done is the change in the kinetic energy of the
As the voltage is increased, the current approaches a constant value (current saturation)
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The critical frequency or threshhold frequency is the frequency where no electrons are emitted at all
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This can be seen in a kinetic energy vs frequency graph
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The intensity of the incident light does not affect the energy of the emitted electrons (The stopping voltage is independent of the intensity of the light source)
2
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There is a certain minimum frequency below which no electrons are emitted
4
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• If light is a wave, then an intense beam of light carries a lot of energy and so it should cause the emission of electrons th at have more energy
...
In the
same way there can be no explanatio
Title: IB Physics Topic 12 Notes
Description: Notes for Topic 12 (Deep Nuclear Physics) of IB Physics.
Description: Notes for Topic 12 (Deep Nuclear Physics) of IB Physics.