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Title: Chemistry grade 6-9
Description: Struggling to revise all the core practicals for chemistry? Well here are all the revision notes for the core practicals you need in order to get a grade 9.
Description: Struggling to revise all the core practicals for chemistry? Well here are all the revision notes for the core practicals you need in order to get a grade 9.
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CHEMISTRY CORE PRACTICALS
Science (9-1)
Combined Science / Chemistry
www
...
co
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11 Investigate the composition of
Ink using chromatography to obtain a chromatogram of
dyes in ink
...
9C A titration (Acid-Alkali) is carried out to
determine the volume of hydrochloric acid required to neutralise a
solution of unknown concentration of sodium hydroxide
...
11 Investigating the composition of
ink using distillation to separate pure water from ink
...
1 Investigate the effects of changing the
conditions of a reaction on the rates of chemical reactions by
measuring the production of a gas (hydrochloric acid and marble
chips)
CP2:
Topic: 3
...
CP3:
Topic: 3
...
31 Investigate the electrolysis of
copper sulfate solution with inert electrodes and
copper electrodes
CP6b:
Topic: 7
...
6C Identifying ions (positive) in an unknown salt
CP7b:
Topic: 9
...
28C Investigate the temperature rise produced in
a known mass of water by the combustion of the alcohols: ethanol,
propanol, butanol and pentanol
...
B Take the paper out of the beaker and draw a pencil line on the paper,
about 2 cm from the bottom
...
D Label underneath each spot with a pencil
...
Apparatus
● beaker
● chromatography paper
attached to rod
● 4 black marker pens or
felt-tip pens
F Lower the chromatography paper into the beaker so that the bottom of
the paper is in the water, but the water level is below the spots
...
Only
G Leave the paper in the beaker until the water reaches near the top of the one chromatogram can be made using this ink
...
houses
...
match the ink used on the letter
...
this
...
11
3
Topic 2 Investigation : Composition of inks (Distillation)
Investigate the composition of inks using simple distillation
...
Simple distillation:
Water and ink are heated in a test
tube, pure water boils off the mixture
at 100°C, travels down the delivery
tube and collects in the test tube
...
The air hole should be about
half open and the gas tap should Boiling tube
be about half on
...
D Collect the distillate in the test
tube and note the temperature
of the vapour
...
11
1) Did you purify the water
successfully? Explain your answer
...
In your explanation, use the following
words: boil, condenser, evaporate,
liquid, steam, temperature, vapour
...
Method
A Use the measuring cylinder to add 50 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid to the
beaker
...
Dip the end of the glass rod into the liquid, then tap it onto the universal
indicator paper
...
Rinse the glass rod with water
...
3 g of calcium hydroxide powder onto a piece of paper or a
‘weighing boat’
...
E Repeat step D seven times so that you add a total of 2
...
3
...
Apparatus
● eye protection
● 100 cm3 beaker
● 50 cm3 measuring cylinder
● ±0
...
6
Drop solution onto
paper and compare
with the pH chart
Measure a known
volume of dilute
hydrochloric acid
into a beaker
Use a balance to
measure out a
known mass of
calcium hydroxide
...
Powdered calcium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric
acid to produce Calcium chloride solution and water
...
A pH meter
can be used
...
An example
of inaccuracy in the apparatus is the scale reading
...
6
Topic 3 Investigation: Copper Sulfate
Investigate the preparation of pure, dry hydrated copper sulfate crystals starting from copper oxide including the
use of a water bath
...
B Place the conical flask into a water bath at 50 °C and heat for
3–4 minutes to allow the acid to heat up
...
D Keep repeating step C until the black powder does not disappear after stirring
...
)
E Return the mixture to the water bath for a few minutes (to make sure there is no more acid left)
...
F Filter the mixture into a beaker and pour into an evaporating basin
...
Place the evaporating basin on top of a beaker half full of water
...
H Heat until about half of the water has evaporated
...
I When cool, transfer the solution to a Petri dish or watch glass and leave for a few days to allow the
water to evaporate
...
Copper sulfate Crystals
7
Topic 3 Investigation: Copper Sulfate
Investigate the preparation of pure, dry hydrated copper sulfate crystals starting from copper oxide including the
use of a water bath
...
+ Base
Salt
Steps: I-J
The solution is
filtered to
remove
unreacted
copper (II) oxide
...
Considering your results
1) Why would this be considered a neutralisation reaction
...
(see full answer at the back)
3) What is the importance of the water basin?
(see full answer at the back)
3
...
Label one of the electrodes as ‘anode’ and the other as ‘cathode’
...
C Half fill the beaker with copper sulfate solution
...
E Turn the power on and adjust the variable resistor to give a current of 0
...
Record the
current
...
Copper Foil
F Turn off the power and remove the electrodes from the beaker
...
Remove the electrodes from the propanone and
gently shake them until the propanone evaporates
...
Electrolyte
(Copper sulfate:
ionic solution)
6
...
c
...
3 A, 0
...
5 A
...
31
9
Topic 3 Investigation: Electrolysis
Investigate the electrolysis of copper sulfate solution with inert electrodes and copper electrodes
With inert carbon (graphite) electrodes, the anode does not
lose mass and product formed is oxygen
1) Why do we use propanone for cleaning?
The following half equations describe what happens at the
two electrodes:
Propanone also known as Acetone is a solvent (able to dissolve
other substances) They are volatile liquids to tend to evaporate
easily - change from a liquid to a gas and therefore help with the
process of drying and cleaning off any other substances
...
The anode
loses mass as copper dissolves, and the cathode gains mass as
copper is deposited
...
31
Mass of Cathode
Note: This process is used in purification of impure copper to
pure copper where the anode is made from impure copper
...
B Fill the jet below the tap by running some acid out of the burette, then remove the funnel from the top of the burette
...
C Following instructions from your teacher, use the pipette filler to rinse and fill the pipette to the 25
...
D Empty the sodium hydroxide solution from the pipette into a conical flask
...
F Add the hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydroxide solution in small portions while swirling the conical flask
...
Record the burette reading
...
If the indicator turns pink, you have
added too much hydrochloric acid
...
Add hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydroxide until you
have used 1 cm3 less than in the rough titration
...
Then add hydrochloric acid drop by drop until
the solution i
Title: Chemistry grade 6-9
Description: Struggling to revise all the core practicals for chemistry? Well here are all the revision notes for the core practicals you need in order to get a grade 9.
Description: Struggling to revise all the core practicals for chemistry? Well here are all the revision notes for the core practicals you need in order to get a grade 9.