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Cells and organelles
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes:
There are two main types of organism – eukaryotes and prokaryotes
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e
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Both types of cells contain organelles
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Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler e
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bacteria

Organelles:
Organelles are part of cells; each one has a specific function
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Animal Cells:

Plant cells:
Plant cells have all the same organelles as animal cells, but with a few added extras
 A cell wall with plasmodesmata (‘channels’ for exchanging substances between
adjacent cells)
 A ‘permanent’ vacuole (a compartment that contains cell sap)
 Chloroplasts (organelles involved in photosynthesis)

Organelles:
Organelle
Plasma membrane (also known as cell
surface membrane)
Cell wall
Nucleus

Lysosome

Ribosome

Rough endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicle

Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Centriole
Cilia

Flagellum

Description
Membrane found on the surface of animal
cells and just inside the cell wall of plant
cells and prokaryotic cells
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A rigid structure that surrounds plant cells
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A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear
envelope, which contains many pores
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A round organelle surrounded by a
membrane, with no clear internal
structure
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It’s made up
of proteins and RNA
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A system of membranes enclosing a fluid
filled space
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A small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm,
surrounded by a membrane
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Vesicles are often seen at
the edges of the sacs
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It has a double
membrane – the inner one is folded to
form structures called cristae
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It’s surrounded by a double
membrane, and also has membranes
inside called thylakoid membranes
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Grana
are linked together by lamellae – thin, flat
pieces of thylakoid membrane
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Found in animal cells, but
only some plant cells
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In
cross section, they have an outer
membrane and a ring of nine pairs of
protein microtubules inside, with a single
pair of microtubules in the middle
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They stick out from the cell
surface and are surrounded by the plasma
membrane
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Function
Regulates the movement of substances
into and out of the cell
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Supports plant cells
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The pores allow substances to move
between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
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Contains digestive enzymes
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The site where proteins are made
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Some are
formed by the Golgi apparatus or the
endoplasmic reticulum, while others are
formed a

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