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Chemistry
Basic concepts
Type
Proton
Neutron
Electron

-

Charge
+1
0
-1

Mass
1
1
1

Packed closely
Fixed positions
Low energy
Keeps its own shape

Placement
Nucleus
Nucleus
Shells

-

Take shape of container
Closely packed
Slide over each other
Intermediate energy

-

Fill volume
Compressed easily
High energy
Collide

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Positive = cation
Negative = anion
-ide = only element given
-ite/-ate = oxygen
-ite = less oxygen

▪
▪

Combustion = hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Isotopes = different atoms of the same element → same no
...
of neutrons from nuclei
Period number = number of shells
Group number = number of outer shell electrons

▪
▪

Relative Atomic Mass (AR)
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢

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Weighted mean mass of electrons of each atom in an element on the scale where
12C = 12
1 atom of carbon = 1
...
g Chlorine 75% 35Cl
25% 37Cl
75/100 x 35 + 25/100 x 37 = 35
...
It is neutral as it has the same number of
protons and electrons
Ion = Charged particle that consists of 1+ atoms
...
It is neutral as it has the same number of protons and electrons

Relative Molecular Mass + Formula Mass
➢ Mass of each molecule on a scale where 1 atom of 12C = 12
➢ Sum of relative Atomic masses of each atom within the molecule
➢ E
...
Consists of 1
type of atom
Compound = Two or more elements chemically bonded
...
It
can only be broken down by chemical means and different properties to elements
...
Contains some
properties as the substances and can be in any fixed proportions



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