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PYC 4809
Assignment 2
M
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Description of Cognitive behavioural therapy
2
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How Cognitive behavioural therapy could be utilised in the organisation
where I did volunteer work
4
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Name of the therapeutic approach
2
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Supervisor’s name and telephone number
4
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Challenges that I had to face whilst doing voluntary work
2
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Rating of PYC4809
2
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Therapeutic approach of Cognitive behavioural therapy
Cognitive behavioural therapy, also referred to as CBT is a short-term, goal-oriented
psychotherapy treatment that takes a hands-on, practical approach to problemsolving (Martin, 2016)
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Its goal is to change patterns of thinking or behaviour that are behind people’s
difficulties, and so change the way they feel
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It is used to help treat a wide range of issues in a person’s life,
from sleeping difficulties or relationship problems, to drug and alcohol abuse or
anxiety and depression (Martin, 2016)
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These
processes also relate to the way a person behaves, and a way of dealing with
emotional problems
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He was doing psychoanalysis at the time and observed that during his
analytical sessions, his patients tended to have an internal dialogue going on in their
minds — almost as if they were talking to themselves
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Beck devised a structured, shortterm, present-oriented psychotherapy for depression, directed toward solving current
problems and modifying dysfunctional (inaccurate and/or unhelpful) thinking and
behaviour (Beck, 1964)
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Beck found that people weren’t
always fully aware of such thoughts, but could learn to identify and report them
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Beck found that identifying these thoughts was the key to
the client understanding and overcoming his or her difficulties (Martin, 2016)
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It’s now
known as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) because the therapy employs
behavioural techniques as well
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At this point,
more than 500 outcome studies have demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive
behaviour therapy for a wide range of psychiatric disorders, psychological problems,
and medical problems with psychological components (see, e
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, Butler, Chapman,
Forman, & Beck, 2005; Chambless & Ollendick, 2001)
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It is also recommended
as the first line of treatment for the majority of psychological disorders in children and
adolescents, including aggression and conduct disorder
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It teaches you new ways of thinking and behaving that can
help you get control over your anxiety in the long-run
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The first important principle of CBT is
that treatment involves dealing with the symptoms that the patient are struggling with
right now, rather than focusing on the cause of your problem
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Whether you are receiving CBT from a trained therapist or you are using
self-help CBT techniques at home, homework is a key component (Anxiety BC,
2015)
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According to Ben Martin treatment can vary from structured and educational,
collaborative, and time limited
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Clients attend one
session per week, each session lasting approximately 50 minutes
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CBT introduces patients to a set of
principles that they can apply whenever they need to, and that’ll last them a lifetime,
if they apply them
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Most
psychotherapists who practice CBT personalize and customize the therapy to the
specific needs and personality of each patient
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Therapists use the following to start a therapy session; Mood Check, the mood
check is usually brief
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If patients complete symptom checklists, the therapist will examine
them to determine whether patients have additional problems that they may not
report verbally, such as suicidal ideation, difficulties sleeping, feeling worthless or
punished, and increased irritability (Beck, 2011)
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By doing this they socialize patients into bringing up the names of problems
they want help in solving
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In this session help is
provided to the therapist to form a bridge between the previous session and the
current one
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Reviewing the patient’s homework is
critical
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In a study researchers identified 269 meta-analytic studies and reviewed of those a
representative sample of 106 meta-analyses examining CBT for the following
problems: substance use disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders,
depression and dysthymia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, somatoform
disorders, eating disorders, insomnia, personality disorders, anger and aggression,
criminal behaviours, general stress, distress due to general medical conditions,
chronic pain and fatigue, distress related to pregnancy complications and female
hormonal conditions
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In
general, the evidence-base of CBT is very strong (Stefan, 2012)
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How the approach contributed to my self-understanding
Cognitive behavioural therapy is used to solve emotional problems and or struggles
and I have tried to view my own relationships in this light as well as my relationship
with myself
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The greater the congruency between my perceptions of
myself and the way the world views me, and the closer the real and the ideal self
become, the more at ease I feel with who I am, the more I accept who I am
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Due to the
fact that this therapy can be regarded as a background influence and can be
incorporated into one’s understanding of oneself, it has been most useful for me, as
someone who is mentally healthy
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It has been useful in revealing where my own stereotypical beliefs may lie, what
prejudices I may hold, and where they stem from
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It is challenging to not judge, to be non-directive, to not make suggestions,
particularly in the face of a situation that is contradictory to my own life experience,
and world view
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3
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CBT teaches good coping skills and skills that can be used outside the
session
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Most of the clients see their addiction as a problem after seeking the help they need
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From my personal experience, addicts do not want advice from someone
who is not nor was once an addict
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Therefore CBT could be perfect since
therapists use session time to teach skills to address the presenting problem and not
simply to discuss the issue with the patient or offer advice (Cully, 2008)
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During the group sessions the clients give
each other advice, instead of the psychologist giving the advice
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According to Judith S
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Here is therapist will determine what the mood is of the clients, and conclude if it is a
regular mood or if the mood is improving
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The next step is
where the therapist can set an Initial Agenda
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I feel this is one of
the goals of a group session; to let the client bring up in their own terms what their
problems are without asking about it
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Then homework is reviewed, this can also relate to a group session
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By doing this the
therapist could find out which behavioural assignments they did and what they
learned from them (Beck, 2011)
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4
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(2015)
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anxietybc
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pdf
Beck, A
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(1964)
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Theory and therapy
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Beck, A
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(2005)
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Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 953–959
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S
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Cognitive behaviour therapy: Basics and Beyond
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The guilford press, New York, London
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, & Ollendick, T
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(2001)
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Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 685–716
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A
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L
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A Therapist’s Guide to Brief Cognitive Behavioural
Therapy
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Martin, B
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In-Depth: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
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Retrieved on August 3, 2017, from https://psychcentral
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J
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T
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, & Hollon, S
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(1977)
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Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1(1), 17–37
Stefan, G
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D
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A
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J
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A
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Sawyer, M
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, and Angela Fang, M
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(2012)
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Cognit Ther Res
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Section B

Student number: 56275714

1
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The organisation where I did voluntary work
Bethesda drug rehabilitation centre
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Supervisor’s name and telephone number
Eric Roets - +27 44 533 3606
4
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I
volunteered for 5 days
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Challenges that I had to face whilst doing voluntary work
The challenges that I faced was letting the clients trust me
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Some of them had a really hard time to
share their thoughts with me being present in the beginning
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I tried to let them feel
comfortable and save with me, I did not give any advice to them, I acknowledged
them every time and I LISTENED
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The other challenge was not to be emotional during the sessions
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I coped with
those emotions by talking to my supervisor and the team about it
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2
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I
had so many high points
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I made me realise what I want to do with my future, and every day spent there
got me excited
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Section D
1
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The format of the course …
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The textbook ………………
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Tutorial Letter 101 …………
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The voluntary work ………… 10
e
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9
f
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9
g
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8
h
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9

2
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I was pushed out of my comfort zone; I don’t think
I would have gone volunteering before this because of my hectic schedule
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Thank you!



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