Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

1

AQA Trilogy Biology Unit 4
...


a

communicable disease:





feel ill
...
They may produce
that damage tissues and make us

take over the cells of your
body
...


non-communicable disease:




Label the pathogens below that cause
infectious diseases
...


e

b

Simple hygiene measures are one of the
most effective ways of preventing the spread of
pathogens
...


f





Name three ways that pathogens are spread
and give at least one example
...


j

Explain how the respiratory system is
adapted to reduce the entry of microorganisms
...
com

m

2

AQA Trilogy Biology Unit 4
...


q

Treat
Symptoms



What are the symptoms?






How is it spread?


Describe each role of a white blood cell and
explain how it protects you against disease
...





preclinical testing: 

p

u

Fill in the missing words:



















Page 2 of 2


clinical trials: 

The use of
has greatly
reduced the deaths from infectious
diseases
...


they

w

What has to happen before a drug can be used?



What can we do about it?










Who discovered penicillin? 

Why is it difficult to discover new medicines?



v

State where the following drugs were
discovered
...


Kills
Bacteria

Define the following terms:

What can we do about it?


Rose Black Spot
What type of pathogen is it caused by?


s

Tick the correct boxes
...




visit twinkl
...
3: Infection and Response Answers

Write a definition for each type of disease and
give two examples
...

They may produce toxins that damage tissues
and make us feel ill
...
Possible examples:
measles, salmonella, gonorrhoea, HIV, tobacco
mosaic virus, rose black spot, malaria
...
They
live and rapidly reproduce inside, this causes
cell damage
...
Possible examples: heart disease,
diabetes, cancer
...


bacteria

d

How do pathogens cause disease? Fill in the
gaps
...
List 5 ways we can be more hygienic
below:
• Washing hands after using the toilet, before
cooking or eating, and after contact with
animals or sick people
...

• Keeping raw meat away from food that is eaten
uncooked
...

• Keeping agricultural machinery, and people
using it, clean to prevent the spread of plant
diseases
...
Keep infected individuals in isolation
...
vaccination
fungi

Name three ways that pathogens are spread
and give at least one example
...

By direct contact: malaria, STDs, HIV
...


c

What are the symptoms?
Thick yellow or green discharge from the
vagina or penis and pain on urinating
...


How is it spread?
Sexual contact

k

What can we do about it?
Treat with antibiotics
...


What can we do about it?
There is no treatment, so young children are
vaccinated against it
...


What are the symptoms?
Initially causes a flu-like illness
...


How is it spread?
Direct contact between diseased plant material
and healthy plants
...


How is it spread?
Sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids,
such as blood
...
There is no cure
or vaccine
...


What are the symptoms?
Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and
diarrhoea
...
g
...

What can we do about it?
Poultry are vaccinated to control the spread
...
Can be fatal
if there are complications
...
Good hygiene and pest
control
...
Destroy the vectors that carry pathogens
...


Measles
What type of pathogen is it caused by?
virus

j

Explain how the respiratory system is
adapted to reduce the entry of microorganisms
...
Platelets quickly
form scabs to seal any cuts
...


It produces antimicrobial secretions to kill
pathogens
...


It is covered with microorganisms that act as
an extra barrier to entry
...
com

m

2

AQA Trilogy Biology Unit 4
...


Treat
Symptoms

The stomach produces hydrochloric acid that
destroys pathogens
...
Can be fatal
...


r

Describe each role of a white blood cell and
explain how it protects you against disease
...


Where do most new drugs now come from?
Unique protein on the surface of cells
...
Test whether the drug is effective against
the disease
...


2
...

3
...


herd immunity:

Remove and destroy affected leaves
...
An antibody only
works for one type of pathogen
...


Fill in the missing words:

1
...

However the evolution of strains that are
resistant to antibiotics is a concern
...
this stimulates white blood cells to produce
antibodies;

Some white blood cells produce antitoxins that
counteract the toxins released by pathogens
...


Page 2 of 2

w

Synthesised by chemists in a lab, but they
might still start from a chemical extracted
from a plant
...


Who discovered penicillin? Alexander Fleming
Why is it difficult to discover new medicines?

o

Some white blood cells ingest pathogens,
digesting and destroying them
...

The heart drug digitalis: foxglove

Dead or inactivated form of a disease causing
microorganism
...


3
...


Kills
Viruses

vaccine:

What are the symptoms?
Purple or black spots develop on the leaves
...


Describe how vaccinations prevent illness
...
Using mosquito nets and repellents to
avoid being bitten
...


Rose Black Spot
What type of pathogen is it caused by?
fungus

s

Tick the correct boxes
...


x

preclinical testing: This happens in a laboratory
using cells, tissues and animals
...
Starting off with very low doses to
check for side effects
...

double-blind trials: These tell you how effective
a medicine is
...


visit twinkl

---