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Title: Physical Geography: Weathering and Mass Movement
Description: Physical geography notes on the unit weathering and mass movement, done at a university level, however can be used for Alevel geography if you want to add that extra information and go the extra mile in your exams. Reading suggestions are included in the notes, enjoy :)
Description: Physical geography notes on the unit weathering and mass movement, done at a university level, however can be used for Alevel geography if you want to add that extra information and go the extra mile in your exams. Reading suggestions are included in the notes, enjoy :)
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Topic Six: Weathering, slopes and mass movement
Rock forming minerals:
- Building blocks of rocks
- Around 2000 minerals
- Only about 24 are common
- Oxygen and silicon account for 75% by mass of lithosphere
- Further 24% aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium magnesium and titanium
- They replace the silica
- Silicate dominant mineral group
- Importance of crystal lattice
- Other big rock forming mi real is calcite and aragonite
Silicate structure and formula (64)
Rock cycle (68)
Primary igneous loop
- Molten rock from mantle comes up
- Mineralogy a result of specific temp/pressure
- Explosive, extrusive and intrusive
- Once on land can reabsorb back into crust via subduction
- importance of mineralogy and crystal size; cooling rates
Secondary Sedimentary loop
- Magma eroded
- Contineal crust eroded
- The debris either transports, deposits or entrains
...
g
...
Residence time (LOOK UP)
Hydrolysis
- Add a water molecule to crystalline lattice, stresses the crystal lattice
...
g
...
39nm), Al (0
...
78mn)
- 1mn = 0
...
- Lichen releases acid (small amounts) to imbed themselves into rocks
Weathering products
Chemical
- Residual material; mainly quartz
- Clay minerals; sheet silicate
- Take solute and wash it away
- Finds materials in the fractures (lines of weakness)
Weathering landforms
Tors;
- Water penetrates down joints, subsurface weathering guided by joint planes,
lowering of land surface (removal of debris) corestones exposed as tor boulders
...
- Wider porosity = faster drainage
- Smaller porosity = slower drainage
- conditions for sheet flow
Saturated runoff
- Progressively the bottom of the valley gets saturated
- LOOK UP
Pipe or subsurface flow
Rain splash
Variables that affect erosion;
Topography
- Slope angle
- Slope length
Vegetation
- Binds soil together
- Diverts water
Crusts
- Salt can bind particles together
Grain size
- More energy to move bigger ones
Title: Physical Geography: Weathering and Mass Movement
Description: Physical geography notes on the unit weathering and mass movement, done at a university level, however can be used for Alevel geography if you want to add that extra information and go the extra mile in your exams. Reading suggestions are included in the notes, enjoy :)
Description: Physical geography notes on the unit weathering and mass movement, done at a university level, however can be used for Alevel geography if you want to add that extra information and go the extra mile in your exams. Reading suggestions are included in the notes, enjoy :)