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What are

vitamins?

Group of organic compounds which are
•
•
•

essential for normal growth
nutrition
and required in small quantities in the diet(because our body cannot synthesize them)

Types of vitamins
Fat soluble: A, D, E & K
Water soluble: B complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 & B12) non-B (C)

Vitamin A
Other
name
Retinoid

sources
Carrot,
pumpkin,
green leafy
vegetables,
egg, beef

function

Deficiency(symptoms) RDA(recommended
dietary allowance)
Vision,
difficulty seeing in
900 mcg and 700
growth,
dim light,
mcg per day for
Reproduction dry skin
men and women,
&
respectively
maintenance
of epithelial
cells

Vitamin D
Other name

sources

function

Deficiency(symptoms) RDA

calciferol

Fish
Fish Oil
Milk
Cheese
Liver meat
Dry Cereals

helps the
body absorb
calcium,
mineralization
of bone

cause rickets in
children,
osteomalacia in
adults, fanconi’s
syndrome, loss of
inorganic phosphate
via urine

Higher daily
intake of
1000–4000
IU (25–100
micrograms)
is needed to
maintain
optimal
blood levels
...

This means it
protects body
tissue from
damage
caused by
substances
called free
radicals
...


Deficiency(symptoms) RDA
Dietary deficiency of
15 milligrams
vitamin E does not
a day
exist
...
Within the enterocyte, they are incorporated
into chylomicrons and exported via exocytosis into lymph
...

Thiamine has a
central role in
energy-yielding
metabolism
especially the
carbohydrates
...
5 mg/day

Vitamin B2
Other name
Riboflavin

sources
Rice
Bajra
Pulses, soybeans
Vegetables
cauliflower
Brinjal, liver of
sheep
Eggs and Mutton

function
Vitamin B2 helps
break down
proteins, fats,
and
carbohydrates
...
Riboflavin
helps convert
carbohydrates
into adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)
...

Deficiency observed
in poorer population
...

Observed in patient
of peritoneal dialysis
and hemodialysis
...
5
mg/day
Women - 1
...

Niacin also helps
the body make
sex- and stressrelated hormones
and improves
circulation and
cholesterol levels
...

Symptoms of pellagra
are dermatitis,
diarrhea and
dementia
...


RDA
men and
women 14
years and
older, 5 mg;
pregnant
women, 6 mg;
and
breastfeeding
women, 7 mg

Vitamin B6
Other name
Pyridoxine

sources
Whole wheat
grain, cabbage
and legumes
Egg yolk, meat,
fish and milk

function
Necessary for
healthy brain
function
Formation of red
blood cells

Deficiency(symptoms)
Skin inflammation
Neurological
degeneration
Dementia
Fatigue

RDA
Adult men – 2 2
...
0 mg/day

Vitamin B7
Other name
Biotin

sources
red meat, eggs,
seeds, and nuts

function
Vitamin B7
promotes
appropriate
function of the
nervous system
and is essential
for liver
metabolism as
well
...

Citrus fruits
...

Green leafy
vegetables
...

Cauliflower
...

Asparagus

functions
It aids in the
production of
DNA and RNA, the
body's genetic
material, and is
especially
important when
cells and tissues
are growing
rapidly, such as in
infancy
...


RDA
330 mcg/day for
healthy adults;
600 mcg/day
during pregnancy

Vitamin B12
Other name

Sources

Function

Deficiency

RDA

Cobalamin

Fish, meat,
poultry, eggs,
milk, and milk
products
...


1
...
4 mcg;
pregnant women



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