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Title: Clinical microbiology- urinary tract infection
Description: Clinical microbiology notes for third year biomedical science bachelors degree. Detailed notes on urinary tract infections covering; aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Description: Clinical microbiology notes for third year biomedical science bachelors degree. Detailed notes on urinary tract infections covering; aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
The urinary tract is one of the most common sites of bacterial infection, particularly in
females
...
Severe infections result in a loss of renal
function
...
UTIs may be community acquired or
nosocomially acquired due to catheterization
...
Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are frequently found in hospital acquired UTIs as their resistance
to antibiotics favours their selection in hospital patients
...
Viral causes of UTI appear to be rare, although there are associations with hemorrhagic
cystitis and other renal syndromes
...
the human polyomaviruses JC and BK
...
Very few parasites cause UTIs
...
And
Histoplasma capsulatum, the protozoan Trichomonas vaginales, and infections with
schistosoma haematobium
...
The shorter female urethra is a less
effective deterrent to infection than the male urethra
...
UTIs are common in uncircumcised male infants
...
increased volumes if post-void
residual urine are associated with a greater likelihood of infection
...
Catheterization is a major
predisposing factor for UTI
...
The duration of catheterization is directly associated with increased
probability of infection, due in part to the formation of biofilms
...
Uropathogenic E
...
fimbriae
(pyelonephritis-associated pili), which allows uropathogenic E
...
Clinical features
Acute lower UTIs case dysuria, urgency and frequency
...
The urine is cloudy owing to the
presence of pus cells (pyuria) and bacteria (bacteriuria), and may contain blood
(haematuria)
...
Recurrent infections of the lower UT occur in a significant number of patients
...
Acute bacterial prostatitis causes systemic symptoms (fever) and local symptoms
(perineal and low back pain, dysuria, and frequency)
...
Staphylococci are a common cause and renal abscesses are present
...
Pyuria in the absence of positive urine cultures can
be due to chlamydia or tuberculosis
...
Labo
Title: Clinical microbiology- urinary tract infection
Description: Clinical microbiology notes for third year biomedical science bachelors degree. Detailed notes on urinary tract infections covering; aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Description: Clinical microbiology notes for third year biomedical science bachelors degree. Detailed notes on urinary tract infections covering; aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.