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Title: Clinical microbiology- urinary tract infection
Description: Clinical microbiology notes for third year biomedical science bachelors degree. Detailed notes on urinary tract infections covering; aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Description: Clinical microbiology notes for third year biomedical science bachelors degree. Detailed notes on urinary tract infections covering; aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
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Infection can be distinguished from contamination by quantitative culture methods
...
Urine specimens may
become contaminated with periurethral flora during collection
...
Infected urine usually contains a single predominant bacterial
species
...
In urine collected from catheters any number of organisms may be
significant because the specimen is not contaminated by periurethral flora
...
An MSU sample should be
collected into a sterile wide-mouthed container after careful cleansing of the labia or glans,
and after allowing the first part of the urine stream to be voided, as this helps to wash out
contaminants in the lower urethra
...
For
patients with a catheter, a catheter specimen of urine is used for microbiological
examination
...
tuberculosis and schistosoma
haematobium
...
tuberculosis,
the last few milliliters should be collected early afternoon after exercise for detection of
S
...
Microscopic examination of urine allows a rapid preliminary report
...
However, they
are not necessarily indicative of infection, but may indicate that the specimen has been
poorly collected or left at room temperature
...
hematuria may be present in
association with; infection of the UT and elsewhere, renal trauma, calculi, UT carcinomas,
clotting disorders, or thrombocytopenia
...
A laboratory diagnosis of significant bacteriuria requires quantification of
the bacteria
...
Direct
antibiotic susceptibility tests may be initiated upon detection of abnormal numbers of white
blood cells or bacteria on microscopy, so that both culture and susceptibility results are
available within 24h
...
These factors relate to; collection- specimen collection must be
carried out correctly, storage- the urine must be cultured within 1h of collection or held at 4
degrees celsius for no more than 18h before culture, antibiotic treatment- in s patient
receiving antibiotics smaller numbers of organisms may be significant and may represent an
emerging resistant population, fluid intake- the patient may be taking more or less fluid than
usual and this will influence the quantitative result, and the specimen- the quantitative
guidelines are valid for MSU specimens
...
Nitrofurantoin a urinary antiseptic
...
Initial treatment of
complicated UTI (pyelonephritis) usually involved a systemic antibacterial agent
Title: Clinical microbiology- urinary tract infection
Description: Clinical microbiology notes for third year biomedical science bachelors degree. Detailed notes on urinary tract infections covering; aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Description: Clinical microbiology notes for third year biomedical science bachelors degree. Detailed notes on urinary tract infections covering; aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.