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Title: Inflammation and cancer
Description: Notes on inflammation and cancer for cellular pathology module taught in the third year of a biomedical science degree. The notes cover; cancer-enabling inflammation, evidence that inflammation promotes cancer, inflammation dependent tumour promotion, and chronic inflammation and cancer.
Description: Notes on inflammation and cancer for cellular pathology module taught in the third year of a biomedical science degree. The notes cover; cancer-enabling inflammation, evidence that inflammation promotes cancer, inflammation dependent tumour promotion, and chronic inflammation and cancer.
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Inflammation and cancer
Different types of inflammation contribute to tumour development in different ways; chronic
inflammation leads to mutations, genomic instability, angiogenesis and tumour development;
tumour associated inflammation leads to genomic instability, angiogenesis,
immunosuppression, metastasis and tumour growth; inflammation caused by environmental
exposure leads to mutations, genomic instability, angiogenesis and tumour promotion;
therapy induced inflammation leads to antigen presentation
...
Cancer-enabling inflammation
Infiltrating cancers provoke a chronic inflammatory reaction, causing systemic signs and
symptoms such as anaemia, fatigue, and cachexia
...
Cancer enabling effects of inflammatory cells- Release of factors that promote proliferation
...
- Removal of growth suppressors
...
- Enhanced resistance to cell death
...
Tumour-associated macrophages prevent anokis by expressing adhesion
molecules such as integrins that promote direct physical interactions with tumour
cells
...
- Inducing angiogenesis
...
- Activating invasion and metastasis
...
Other factors released by stromal cells, such as
TGF-beta, may promote epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, a key event in the
process of invasion and metastasis
...
A variety of soluble factors released by macrophages
and other stromal cells contribute to the immunosuppressive T regulatory cells or
suppress the function of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
...
- Inhibition of tumor growth by antigen presentation, cytokines and reactive
oxygen/nitrogen intermediates
...
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Paracrine regulation of inflammatory pathways
...
Upregulation of the inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
...
Promotion of tumour growth by regulatory T cells that suppress antitumor T cell
responses
...
Evidence that inflammation promotes cancer
- Many inflammatory conditions predispose to cancer
- Cancers arise at sites of chronic inflammation
- Functional polymorphisms of cytokine genes are associated with cancer
- Distinct populations of inflammatory cells are detected in many types of cancer
- Extent of tumour associated macrophage infiltration correlates with prognosis
- Inflammatory cytokines are detected in many cancers
- Deletion of cytokine and chemokine genes protects against carcin
Title: Inflammation and cancer
Description: Notes on inflammation and cancer for cellular pathology module taught in the third year of a biomedical science degree. The notes cover; cancer-enabling inflammation, evidence that inflammation promotes cancer, inflammation dependent tumour promotion, and chronic inflammation and cancer.
Description: Notes on inflammation and cancer for cellular pathology module taught in the third year of a biomedical science degree. The notes cover; cancer-enabling inflammation, evidence that inflammation promotes cancer, inflammation dependent tumour promotion, and chronic inflammation and cancer.