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Disease causing micro-organisms
Microbes
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Microbes are not the enemy!
Less then 1% can directly make us ill
Microbes that cause disease are called pathogens
When pathogenic microbes enter the body and reproduce this is an infection
When the infection cause damage to an organisms function or systems then this is referred
to as disease
- You can have an infection without a disease

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However many microbes can cause other secondary disease such as;
Gastric cancer (Helicobacter pylori – bacteria),
Cervical cancer (human papilloma virus),
Liver cancer (hep C - virus)
Myocarditis and pericarditis (bacteria or virus causing the heart or surrounding tissue to
swell)

History
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Pre 1800’s: Widely accepted that disease was caused by supernatural forces
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J
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The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but
should not be found in healthy organisms
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The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture
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The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism
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The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and
identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent
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Isolate germ
2
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Inject it
4
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The study of the essential nature of diseases and especially of the structural and functional changes
produced by them
Infectious / Contagious / Communicable Diseases → Antigens
Micro-organisms
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Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae (blue/green)
Worms
Insects (ticks, lice, etc
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Coli

Staphylococci

Campylobacter

Clostridium
botulinum

Vibrio cholerae

Heliobacter pylori

Description
Diarrhoea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection
Dehydration
Self-limiting gastrointestinal disease
Severe cases: Salmonella from intestines to bloodstream (typhoid fever)
Most E

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