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Jekyll and Hyde revision

Hyde:
Stevenson includes Hyde to symbolise the beast within us —> the dark side of humanity and to
expose the savage and primal side of us
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Hyde also represents the ‘ID’ part of us
which wants and wishes for instant gratification

- Hyde presents Mr
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-Hyde described with ‘ape like fury, he was trampling his victim under his foot and hailing down a
storm of blows’ The simile ‘ape’ like reinforces Hyde’s strong animalistic characteristics as it
suggests he has evolved from animals
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This links to the idea of Darwinism, and the idea that we are all
developed from animals
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This reinforces the idea that Stevenson focuses on us having an animalistic side, in which we
are all shown to have a ‘beast within’, to reveal the savage and dark side of humanity
-Hyde shown to have inflicted a metaphorical ‘storm of blows’
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In addition, the swiftness of these
actions are frightening, as all of this is shown to have occurred ‘in a moment’ —> reinforces his
aggressive and violent personality
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This suggests that
Hyde’s wickedness extends beyond simply harming others, as he is selfish and takes joy in the
suffering of others
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The words ‘Drinking’, ‘pleasure’ and ‘avidity’ are in a semantic field of greed, as they all
have associations with wild over-indulgence, linking with his animal, ‘bestial’ nature
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Hyde as a ‘man of stone’, this suggests that Hyde is hard, unmoving and
soulless
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Hyde as a frightening character through presenting him to be a fearful
and inhumane character
Stevenson deliberately has Hyde inflict violence on the child to increase the reader’s fear over his
character
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Enfield describes Mr
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The contrasting depiction of a “man” violently
clashing with a ‘child’ is threatening enough as it creates a great sense of fear of Hyde, but the
oxymoronic ‘trample calmly’ shows Hyde is naturally comfortable with violence in a society which
fears it, in which he shows no guilt and remorse
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This gives off an impression
that Hyde doesn’t even see her as a human, let alone an innocent child
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This is reinforced by the
fact that Hyde is described as a ‘damned juggernaut
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Dr
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As they spend a lot of time cultivating a reputation, causing
them having to repress duality
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‘One day beside the tea things open, and Utterson was amazed to find it a copy of a pious work for
which Jekyll had several times expressed a great esteem, annotated, in his own hand, with
startling blasphemies’
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Jekyll rebels
against rigidity in religion, shown in Hyde’s scribbles
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-‘My imperious desire to carry my head high, and wear a more than commonly grave countenance
before the public
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Jekyll explains that he has a
desperate desire to be socially acceptable and behave in the sombre way society expects, hence
he represses his own desires
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This also demonstrates the debilitating effects of society, in which
social pressure leads Jekyll to complete his experiments and transform into Hyde
The alliteration of ‘head high’ stresses the fact that society demands people maintain their
reputation and dignity
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The idea that Jekyll would ‘wear’ a socially respectable persona has associations with a costume
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‘concealed’ has associations of being hidden away, straining to break free
“The large handsome fact of Dr Jekyll grew pale to the very lips, and there came a blackness about
his eyes” Jekyll’s cheerful and pleasure demeanour rapidly disappears when he is questioned
about his will - the change from good to evil is disturbingly quick
-the juxtaposition of Jekyll’s “handsome” face with his pale lips and black eyes show that man’s
dual nature is not just a mental conflict, but also a physical one
-“pale” has associations with the death that comes later in the novel
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The physical agony makes clear that Hyde is the
unnatural state, yet allusions to “death”, “birth” and the associated nausea could suggest that Hyde
and evil are part of the human life cycle
Turning to Hyde is not just physically destructive - he also destroys the “spirit” with his “horror”
-“succeeded” suggests that evil is associated with victory
Utterson
Through Utterson’s ‘eyes’ as the narrative
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He is logical and methodical —> can’t
comprehend the supernatural
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When Jekyll is
revealed to be Hyde, he reacts emotionally, in which he can’t comprehend what he had read
- utterson as narrative —> helps to build up tension so the reveal would be more suprising
- curious and concerned
“the fact is, if I do not ask you the name of, the other party, it is because I know it already’
- smart and clever lawyer
- reflects victorian society’s belief of presenting yourself as respectable and not gossiping
- symbolises conventional victorian society and the repression of society as he restricts himself
from what he wants

“cold, scanty and embarrassed in discourse; backward in sentiment; lean, long, dusty, dreary, and
yet somehow loveable’ —> description of Utters introduces a stereotypical 19th century British
gentlemen - private and unemotional with a reserved personality
-the alliteration of the “I” and “d” sounds are deep and heavy, mimicking the dull, tedious
personality of Utters
-The adjectives used to describe Utters emphasise the sort of life Jekyll later rejects - they have
associations with a boring, lacklustre lifestyle where the current way of life is never questioned
-“cold” and ‘embarrassed in discourse’ highlight the value placed on privacy - it is the cloak of
secrecy that allows Jekyll to experiment uninterrupted
“…A volume of some dry divinity on his reading-desk, until the clock of the neighbouring church
rang out the hour of twelve, when he would soberly and gratefully go to bed”
-utterson rigidly sticks to structure, order and rationality, maintaining a routine and socially
acceptable lifestyle
-the heavy, dull alliteration of ‘d’ refers to religious restrictions and lack of vibrancy that typifies
Christianity in the 19th century
‘volume’ —> suggesting how many more volumes offering rules and restrictions as to how one
should live
-The church dictates when Utters sleeps, which is without enthusiasm for a great day, and he is
relieved the day is over
link to the idea of repression
Dr
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Lanyon represents the traditional and orthodox approach to science
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He is a symbol of a conventional Victorian gentlemen
—> represents part of society that cannot understand the supernatural
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In a victorian society = gentlemen wanted
to live in a world where everything is clear and logical
-science
-conservative
-belief of supernatrural
He doesn’t agree with Jekyll’s experiments and thinks they are radical and unnecessary
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Refuses the accept the
idea that some experiences cant be explained —> like utterson, he’s a logical person
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The rosy man had grown pale; his flesh
had fallen away” (SCIENCE)
“rosy man” has associations with vibrant colour, and a natural, healthy lifestyle
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He physically
cannot comprehend and or understand Jekyll’s experiments
“hide bound pedant”—> narrow minded and pedantic about small things
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“A”, “seemed” and “some” shows that Dr
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“ Blood-red” alludes to Hyde’s bloodshed, and
“volatile” mimics the unstable nature of Jekyll and Hyde

- “Highly pungent” shows Jekyll offending the senses as well as our morals, his behaviour is
percieved to be literally and metaphorically rotten

Enfield reperesents the double side of Victorian life —> reminder of double lives of Victorian
society
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T

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