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Title: Accounting: Prepaid & Accruals (O-level & AS)
Description: Treatment of: 1) accrued expenses and Income 2) Prepaid expense & Income with numerical examples and T-accounts

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Expense

Income

Profit and Loss:
Subtract (–) closing balance
[Next Year’s expense]

Profit and Loss:
Subtract(–) closing balance
[Next Year’s Income]

Add (+) opening balance
[This Year’s Expense]

Prepaid

Add (+) opening balance
[This Year’s Income]

Balance Sheet: Current Asset
Balance b/d: Debit (Dr)

Balance b/d: Credit (Cr)

Balance c/d: Credit (Cr)

Owing

Balance Sheet: Current Liability

Balance c/d: Debit (Dr)

Profit and Loss:
Add (+) closing balance
[This Year’s expense]

Profit and Loss:
Add (+) closing balance
[This Year’s Income]

Subtract(–) opening balance
[Last Year’s Expense]

Subtract (–) opening balance
[Last Year’s Income]

Balance Sheet: Current Liability

Balance Sheet: Current Asset

Balance b/d: Credit (Cr)

Balance b/d: Debit (Dr)

Balance c/d: Debit (Dr)

Balance c/d: Credit (Cr)

PROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL DEBTS
Balance b/d
P/L (Decrease in Provision)
xx
P/L (increase in Provision)
Balance c/d
xxx

Increase in Provision for Doubtful Debts – Expense
Decrease in Provision for Doubtful Debts – Other Income

xxx
xx

Discount Received
xxx
Creditors

Profit and loss


...

xxx
Profit And Loss

Debtors

xxx

Discount received – Income
Discount Allowed – Expense

Disposal A/C
...
g: van (at cost)
Loss on Sale

Profit and Loss A/C (Extract)
Gross Profit
Other Incomes:
Decrease in Provision for Doubtful
Discount Received
Profit on Sale of Fixed Asset
Expense:
Increase in Provision for Doubtful Debts
Discount Allowed
Loss on Sale of Fixed Asset

xxx
xx
xx


...

X and Y ratio is 2:3

Gain on revaluation: X
Y

Revaluation A/C
$ 4 000
Premises
$ 6 000
$10 000

Balance b/d
Revaluation

Premises
$20 000
$10 000
Balance c/d
$30 000

$10 000

Title: Accounting: Prepaid & Accruals (O-level & AS)
Description: Treatment of: 1) accrued expenses and Income 2) Prepaid expense & Income with numerical examples and T-accounts