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Title: GCSE EDEXCEL CHEMISTRY TOPIC 6 GROUPS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
Description: notes with specification points clear, concise, detailed, simple - but quality Higher Grade 9 if you learn it
Description: notes with specification points clear, concise, detailed, simple - but quality Higher Grade 9 if you learn it
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6 – GROUPS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
elements classified as: alkali metals (group 1) based on position in periodic table
halogens (group 7)
noble gases (group 0)
Lithium
sodium
Group 1 – alkali metals
potassium rubidium
caesium
francium
soft & low melting points
More reactive going down: outer electron lost more easily in reaction – less force holding it to nucleus
reactions with water: produce hydroxide + hydrogen
Lithium:
Sodium:
Potassium:
move around surface
move around surface
move around surface
fizz vigorously
fizz vigorously
fizz vigorously
Melt in heat of reaction
Melt in heat of reaction
Ignite
Fluorine
Group 7 – halogens
chlorine
bromine
iodine
astatine
Exist as diatomic molecules: 2 atoms with covalent bond
Less reactive going down: harder to attract extra electron – further away from nucleus (extra shells)
Room temperature – going down: darker colour & increased melting point
Chlorine: green gas
Bromine: red-brown liquid, gives off orange vapour
Iodine: dark-grey crystalline solid, gives off purple vapour
test for chlorine: damp blue litmus paper turns white
Metal + halogen → metal halide
Halogen higher up reacts easier – attracts metal’s outer shell electron easier
Hydrogen + halogen → hydrogen halide
Soluble in water – form acidic solutions
Displacement reactions
More reactive halogen displaces less reactive halogen
Redox reaction: halogen gains electron – reduced
Halide loses electron – oxidised
Astatine: least reactive – won’t displace any other halogen from their salt solution
Helium
neon
Group 0
argon
krypton
xenon
Inert: don’t react at all – full electron outer shell
Uses depend on inertness / low density / non-flammability
Used to provide inert atmosphere
Filament lamps: non-flammable: stops hot lamp burning away – argon
Flash photography: stop flash filament burning during hot flashes – argon/krypton/xenon
Protect metals being welded: stops hot metal reacting with oxygen – argon/helium
Airships / balloon – Helium:
lower density than air – makes balloons float
Non flammable – safer to use hydrogen gas
pattern in physical properties – use to predict physical properties of other noble gases
All colourless at room temperature
Monatomic: gases made up of single atoms
Boiling/melting point & density increase going down
radon
Title: GCSE EDEXCEL CHEMISTRY TOPIC 6 GROUPS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
Description: notes with specification points clear, concise, detailed, simple - but quality Higher Grade 9 if you learn it
Description: notes with specification points clear, concise, detailed, simple - but quality Higher Grade 9 if you learn it