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Title: Fasteners
Description: Fasteners are Engineering notes, the notes contain a lot of explanations that will go a long way to aid Engineering students, so I urge Engineering students to go through the notes , thanks !!
Description: Fasteners are Engineering notes, the notes contain a lot of explanations that will go a long way to aid Engineering students, so I urge Engineering students to go through the notes , thanks !!
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LESSONNOTESONFASTENERS
LESSONONE:
I
nt
r
oduct
i
on
Amec
hani
c
alf
as
t
eneri
sadevi
c
et
hati
sus
edt
omec
hani
c
al
l
yj
oi
n(orf
as
t
en)t
wo
ormor
eobj
ec
t
st
og
et
her
...
Ther
ear
emanydi
f
f
er
entt
y
pesofmec
hani
c
alf
as
t
ener
s
,
but
,
i
ng
ener
al
,
f
as
t
ener
s
c
anbedi
vi
dedi
nt
ot
womai
nc
at
eg
or
i
es
;
nonper
manentandper
manentf
ast
ener
s
...
(t
heyar
eof
t
enas
s
oc
i
at
edwi
t
h
s
haf
t
s
)Thr
eadedf
ast
ener
ss
uc
hasbol
t
s
,
s
c
r
ews
,
s
t
uds
,
s
et
s
c
r
ews
,
et
c
...
Ont
heot
herhand,
r
i
vet
sar
ec
ons
i
der
edt
obeper
manentf
as
t
ener
ss
i
nc
er
emovi
ngr
i
vet
s
wi
l
ldes
t
r
oyt
hem
...
• Des
c
r
i
behows
omef
as
t
ener
sar
eus
ed
...
• I
dent
i
f
yt
hr
eadpr
of
i
l
e
• Pr
ovi
dear
el
at
i
ons
hi
pbet
weenat
or
queandapr
el
oadf
orag
i
venbol
t
THREADEDFASTENERSANDRI
VET
Thr
eadedf
as
t
ener
sar
et
hepr
i
nc
i
paldevi
c
esus
edf
oras
s
embl
i
ngc
omponent
sand
t
heyar
eus
ual
l
yg
r
oupedi
nt
ot
hr
eemai
nc
at
eg
or
i
esass
hownbel
ow
Bol
t
s:
Abol
thasaheadononeendandt
hr
eadsont
heot
herendandi
ti
spai
r
edwi
t
ha
nut
...
However
,
s
c
r
ewsus
ual
l
yhavel
ong
er
t
hr
eadst
hanbol
t
s
,
al
s
ot
heyc
anbemadewi
t
hs
l
ot
t
edheads
...
Mac
hi
nes
c
r
ewsar
eg
ener
al
l
ys
mal
l
eri
ns
i
z
et
hanc
aps
c
r
ewsandt
heyar
eus
edf
or
s
c
r
ewi
ngi
nt
ot
hi
nmat
er
i
al
s
...
The
ex
pos
edendi
st
hr
eadedoverwi
t
hanut
Fi
g
ur
e1:
i
ndi
c
at
i
ngbol
t
,
s
c
r
ewands
t
ud
Thet
er
msbol
tands
c
r
ewar
es
omet
i
mesus
edi
nt
er
c
hang
eabl
y
,
andt
heyc
anr
ef
ert
ot
he
s
ameel
ement
...
1Thr
eadpr
of
i
l
e
Fi
g2:
Thr
eadpr
of
i
l
e
•Maj
ordi
amet
er(D)
:
Thel
ar
g
es
tdi
amet
er(Forbot
hi
nt
er
nalandex
t
er
nalt
hr
eads
)
...
•Dept
hoft
hr
ead:
(Dd)
/
2
•Pi
t
c
hdi
amet
er(dP)
:
Thedi
amet
eratwhi
c
hal
i
nec
ut
st
hes
pac
esandt
hr
eadsequal
l
y
...
•Root
:
Thebot
t
omSur
f
ac
e
...
•Ang
l
eofThr
ead(A)
:
Theang
l
ebet
weent
het
hr
eads
...
•Sc
r
ewAx
i
s
:
Thel
ong
i
t
udi
nalc
ent
er
l
i
ne
...
2Ex
t
er
nalandI
nt
er
nalThr
eads
Thr
eadsc
anbeei
t
herex
t
er
nalori
nt
er
nal
:
1
...
1Ex
t
er
nalThr
ead:
Ex
t
er
nalt
hr
eadsar
eont
heout
s
i
deofamember(s
uc
hast
he
t
r
eadsofbol
t
sands
c
r
ews
)
...
Anex
t
er
nalt
hr
eadi
sus
ual
l
yc
utus
i
ngadi
e(s
uc
hass
een
i
nt
hef
i
g
ur
e)oral
at
he
...
2
...
Us
ual
l
y
,
t
hr
eadedhol
eshaveac
hamf
eront
hes
i
def
r
om
whi
c
ht
hes
c
r
ewwi
l
lent
ert
omakei
t
seng
ag
ementeas
i
er
...
1
...
Ther
ear
emanydi
f
f
er
entt
y
pesofbol
t
sands
c
r
ewswher
eeac
hi
ss
ui
t
abl
ef
or
di
f
f
er
entt
y
pesofappl
i
c
at
i
ons
...
3
...
Bol
t
sandnut
sar
eus
edt
og
et
hert
oc
l
ampt
woor
mor
epar
t
shavi
ngunt
hr
eadedhol
est
og
et
her
...
Thef
i
g
ur
es
howss
omeoft
hec
ommont
y
pes
ofnut
s
Fi
g
ur
e5
:
di
f
f
er
entt
y
pesofnut
s
Pag
e4of4
1
...
2Bol
t
s
Bol
t
sar
eg
ener
al
l
yus
edal
ongwi
t
hnut
satot
herendandever
ys
oof
t
enwi
t
ha
was
hert
oo,
Bol
t
sar
eoff
ourt
y
pesi
nc
l
udi
ngc
ar
r
i
ag
ebol
t
,
Caps
c
r
ew,
hexbol
t
sandPl
ow
bol
t
s
...
3
...
Nai
l
sar
epr
i
mar
i
l
yus
edt
oj
oi
nwoodst
og
et
her
...
Commonnai
l
s
,
boxnai
l
s
,
f
i
ni
s
hnai
l
s
;
dupl
ex
nai
l
sandr
oof
i
ngnai
l
sar
es
omec
ommont
y
pesofnai
l
sus
ed
...
3
...
Themos
tc
ommont
y
peofwas
her
si
st
heFl
atWas
her
,
s
uc
hast
hat
s
eeni
nt
hef
i
g
ur
e,
wher
ei
ti
sus
edt
oi
nc
r
eas
et
hebear
i
ngar
easoft
heheadandpr
ot
ec
t
t
hemat
er
i
alf
i
ni
s
hdur
i
ngas
s
embl
y
...
Theot
herc
ommont
y
peofwas
her
si
st
heLoc
kWas
her
swher
et
heyar
eus
edt
o
pr
eventl
oos
eni
ngofs
c
r
ewsandnut
sbypr
ovi
di
ngc
ont
i
nuousf
r
i
c
t
i
onduet
ot
hei
rs
pr
i
ng
ac
t
i
on
...
Pag
e6of6
Fi
g
ur
e3
:
t
y
pesofbol
t
sands
c
r
ew
1
...
5Set
scr
ews
Set
s
c
r
ewsar
eas
pec
i
alt
y
peofs
c
r
ewst
hatus
ual
l
ydoesnothaveaheadandt
hey
ar
eus
edt
opr
eventr
ot
at
i
onormovementbet
weenpar
t
s(s
uc
hasas
haf
tandac
ol
l
ar
)
...
I
nmos
tc
as
es
,
s
et
s
c
r
ewsdoesnothaveheadss
uc
ht
hatt
heyc
anbes
c
r
ewedal
lt
heway
i
nt
ot
hr
eadedhol
esus
i
ngas
oc
ketoras
l
oti
nt
hes
c
r
ews
hanki
t
s
el
fass
eeni
nt
hef
i
g
ur
e
...
4RI
VETS
Ri
vet
sar
er
eg
ar
dedasper
manentf
as
t
ener
s
,
unl
i
ker
emovabl
e(ornonper
manent
)
f
as
t
ener
s
,
s
uc
hasbol
t
sands
c
r
ews
...
Ri
vet
sar
eus
edi
naver
ywi
devar
i
et
yofappl
i
c
at
i
onsr
ang
i
ngf
r
omai
r
c
r
af
ts
t
r
uc
t
ur
est
o
c
i
vi
ls
t
eels
t
r
uc
t
ur
est
oaut
omobi
l
est
oboat
sands
hi
pst
oc
l
ot
hi
ng
,
et
c
...
Themos
tc
ommonanddi
s
t
i
nc
tt
wot
y
pesofr
i
vet
sar
et
heSol
i
dr
i
vet
sand
t
hePopr
i
vet
s
...
Theyc
ons
i
s
ts
i
mpl
yof
ac
y
l
i
ndr
i
c
als
hankwi
t
has
i
ng
l
ehead
...
Suc
ht
y
peofr
i
vet
sar
eus
edi
nc
i
vi
ls
t
eels
t
r
uc
t
ur
ess
uc
hasbr
i
dg
esandt
heyus
ual
l
y
r
equi
r
eheat
i
ngi
nor
dert
omakei
teas
yt
odef
or
mt
heot
herend
...
Pag
e8of8
Fi
g
ur
e7
:
s
ol
i
dr
i
vet
s
Popr
i
vet
s(al
s
oc
al
l
edbl
i
ndr
i
vet
s
)ar
et
hemos
twi
del
yus
edt
y
peofr
i
vet
sf
org
ener
al
pur
pos
eappl
i
c
at
i
ons
...
Popr
i
vet
sar
et
ubul
arandar
es
uppl
i
edwi
t
hamandr
el
t
hr
oug
ht
hec
ent
er
...
Thi
sex
pands
t
hebl
i
ndendoft
her
i
vetandt
hent
hemandr
els
napsof
f
,
asi
l
l
us
t
r
at
edi
nt
hef
i
g
ur
e
...
Devel
opedf
orus
ei
nc
onf
i
nedar
ea,
wher
eaj
oi
nti
sonl
yac
c
es
s
i
bl
ef
r
omones
i
de
...
Us
edwher
epar
t
smus
tbeal
i
g
nedac
c
ur
at
el
yandhel
di
nabs
ol
ut
er
el
at
i
onwi
t
hone
anot
her
...
Pr
event
sapul
l
eyorg
earf
r
oms
l
i
ppi
ngonas
haf
t
...
Pr
ot
ec
t
spr
oj
ec
t
i
ngt
hr
eads
...
I
shammer
edi
nt
oadr
i
l
l
edorpunc
hedhol
e
...
Us
edt
omakeper
manentas
s
embl
i
es
...
Sl
otc
uti
ng
earorpul
l
eyt
or
ec
ei
ve“
c
...
Loc
ksar
eg
ul
arnuti
npl
ac
e
...
El
i
mi
nat
ec
os
t
l
yt
appi
ngoper
at
i
ons
...
Sl
otc
uti
ns
haf
tt
or
ec
ei
ve“
c
...
1Gener
aldescr
i
pt
i
on
I
SOmet
r
i
ct
hr
eadsar
edef
i
nedi
nt
hedr
awi
ngbynomi
nals
i
z
eandpi
t
c
h,
bot
hex
pr
es
si
n
mi
l
l
i
met
er
...
5
pi
t
c
h,
f
i
net
hr
eads
er
i
esi
sex
pr
es
s
edas
M16X1
...
2
...
t
heyar
eoft
wobas
i
ct
y
pes
;
c
l
ear
anc
ehol
es(unt
hr
eaded)andt
hr
eadedhol
es
...
2
...
Thet
abl
eg
i
vest
hedi
amet
erofc
l
ear
anc
ehol
esf
ort
hedi
f
f
er
entt
y
pesoff
i
t
s
Pag
e12of12
2
...
2Thr
eadedhol
esar
edr
i
l
l
edatadi
amet
ers
mal
l
ert
hant
henomi
naldi
amet
eroft
he
s
c
r
ewt
hatwi
l
lg
oi
nt
oi
t(al
mos
tequalt
ot
her
ootdi
amet
eroft
hebol
t
)
,
t
henat
api
sus
ed
t
oc
utt
het
hr
ead
...
2
...
Whenabol
tandanutar
eus
edt
o
makeaj
oi
nt
,
t
henuti
sus
ual
l
yt
i
g
ht
enedt
og
r
i
pt
hej
oi
ntf
i
r
ml
y
...
Pag
e13of13
I
ti
si
mpor
t
antt
or
el
at
et
het
or
queus
edi
nt
i
g
ht
eni
ngt
hebol
tt
ot
heamountoft
hepr
el
oad
( )devel
opedi
nt
hebol
ti
nor
dert
oens
ur
et
hatt
hepr
el
oadi
ss
uf
f
i
c
i
ent
...
Thet
abl
eg
i
vest
het
or
quec
oef
f
i
c
i
entval
uesf
ordi
f
f
er
entbol
tc
ondi
t
i
on
...
4Concl
usi
on:
Consol
i
dat
i
onex
er
ci
se
Az
i
nc
pl
at
edc
aps
c
r
ewof8s
i
z
ewast
i
g
ht
enedwi
t
h12
...
Fi
ndt
hepr
el
oadi
n
t
hes
c
r
ew
...
20)(8)×10-3
=7
5
00
Pag
e14of14
Title: Fasteners
Description: Fasteners are Engineering notes, the notes contain a lot of explanations that will go a long way to aid Engineering students, so I urge Engineering students to go through the notes , thanks !!
Description: Fasteners are Engineering notes, the notes contain a lot of explanations that will go a long way to aid Engineering students, so I urge Engineering students to go through the notes , thanks !!