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Title: GCSE Chemistry 2.6 - Industrial Processes
Description: These are concise, exam-focused notes made using the WJEC specification and BBC Bitesize. (I achieved an A*.) This is one of six topics in the unit.
Description: These are concise, exam-focused notes made using the WJEC specification and BBC Bitesize. (I achieved an A*.) This is one of six topics in the unit.
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2
...
If the forward reaction is exothermic and the backward reaction is endothermic
...
The Haber process
•
•
•
nitrogen + hydrogen ⇌ ammonia
N2(g) +3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
Nitrogen gas is obtained from the air and hydrogen is usually made from methane
...
At a higher pressure, a higher yield of ammonia would be achieved, but the
equipment would be too expensive
...
The test used to identify ammonia gas
•
Damp litmus paper turns blue in the presence of ammonia gas
...
SO3 cannot be absorbed directly in 100% H2O, as the reaction is violent and produces
a mist of H2SO4
...
Uses of sulfuric acid
•
•
•
•
•
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the production of fertilisers
paints
dyes
fibres
plastics
detergents
26
Concentrated sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent in its reaction with sugar
•
•
•
concentrated
sulfuric acid
glucose →
carbon
concentrated
sulfuric acid
C6H12O6 →
C
removes the ‘elements of water’ from sugar
Concentrated sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent in its reaction with hydrous blue copper(II) sulfate
•
•
•
concentrated
sulfuric acid
(blue) copper(II) sulfate →
(white) copper(II) sulfate
concentrated
sulfuric acid
CuSO4 (5H2O) →
C
removes the ‘elements of water’ from sugar
Fertilisers
•
•
•
•
•
made by neutralising sulfuric/nitric acid with alkaline ammonia
ammonia + sulfuric acid → ammonium sulfate
ammonium hydroxide + sulfuric acid → ammonium sulfate + water
ammonia + nitric acid → ammonium nitrate
ammonium hydroxide + nitric acid → ammonium nitrate + water
The identification of NH4- by the addition of aqueous OH•
Ammonium ions can be identified by adding sodium hydroxide solution and warming gently
to release ammonia gas (which turns damp red litmus paper turns blue)
Title: GCSE Chemistry 2.6 - Industrial Processes
Description: These are concise, exam-focused notes made using the WJEC specification and BBC Bitesize. (I achieved an A*.) This is one of six topics in the unit.
Description: These are concise, exam-focused notes made using the WJEC specification and BBC Bitesize. (I achieved an A*.) This is one of six topics in the unit.