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BRAIN’S ARTERIAL
SUPPLY
Fundamentals Principles
• brain comprises around 2% of total body weight
• brain has a relatively high metabolic demand, due to being largely
reliant on oxidative metabolism, so it receives 15-20% of the total
cardiac output
...
Arterial Blood Supply to the Brain
• Arterial blood supply to the brain can be divided into:
the anterior & posterior circulation
...
• Anterior Circulation comprises of
• Internal Carotid Arteries
• Course and branches
• The left and right common carotid arteries bifurcate at the level of C3/C4 to give off
the internal carotid arteries (ICA) within the carotid sheath
...
• Once in the cranial cavity, the internal carotid arteries pass anteriorly through the cavernous sinus
...
Ophthalmic artery: Supplies all the structures in the orbit as well as some structures in the nose, face and
meninges
...
Posterior communicating artery:
Anteriorly connects to the internal carotid artery prior to the terminal bifurcation of the ICA into
the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery
...
3
...
4
...
The middle cerebral arteries
supply the lateral cerebral cortex, in addition to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices
...
• The vertebral arteries then proceed to enter the transverse foramina of the spine at level C6 and
continue superiorly
...
• Once inside the cranial vault, the vertebral arteries give off the following branches:
1
...
Anterior and posterior meningeal arteries – supply the dura mater
3
...
posterior spinal arteries – supply the spinal cord along its entire length (dorsal spinal cord to conus
medullaris)
• The vertebral arteries then converge to form the basilar artery at the base of the pons, inside the
cranium
...
• Caudal to rostral branches;
1
...
Labyrinthine artery (Internal Acoustic Artery)
3
...
Superior cerebellar artery
• The basilar artery eventually anastomoses
With the circle of Willis via the posterior
cerebral arteries and
posterior communicating arteries
Clinical relevance: Locked-in syndrome
Pontine infarcts cause an interruption in the
myriad of neuronal pathways enabling
communication between the cerebrum,
cerebellum and spinal cord