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• Unlike Classical Theism, Polytheists believe that there are many Gods responsible for
different aspects in life
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Personal, Omniscient and Omnibenevolent
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100% mortal
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Atheists beliefs on ultimate reality
Atheists often tie ultimate reality with:
• goals that they want to achieve in life
• what they hold in highest regard above all else and devote their life to achieving it
Examples:
• Egotism - you are the center of one’s world, with no direct concern for others, for you are
the ultimate reality
• Anthropocentrism - humankind is the center of its world, placing its needs at the center
of reality
• Survival
• Making people happy
• There is no ultimate reality - purely scientific view on the world (materialists)
Some atheists also believe that the questions about meaning and purpose get in the way of actually pursuing
a happy life, because you build up expectations for yourself, and when you don't meet them, you get
disappointed
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• Only proved that there would be a first cause, but that first cause does not have to be God
• The argument does not match science-law of conservation says that nothing can be
created, only transferred
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Our existence is contingent (dependent on something else),
nothing can exist independently
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• Proof from Cause
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• Proof from motion
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Nothing can move itself,
so God is the first mover
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We exist because of the conditions in this world allow it
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Something has to place these conditions to make life
inevitable
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There is a lot of beauty and purpose in the world that won't exist
unless it is designed
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• Watch analogy-you see the watch on the ground
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Criticism
• Can be many Gods, not just one
• This argument is only a revelation of God's existence, but cannot prove that the designer
is God
• Creation can be a result of randomness, like rolling a pair of dice until you get the perfect
combination
Existence of religion argument• A lot of people believing in religion, different religions have same gods, coincidence??!!!
• Religion exists for a very long time

• Non-empirical occurence
• Can feel that God exists
Religious Experience Argument
• God's nature provides standards for moral values
• Without God, objective moral values and duties do not exist as every person's moral
standard is different
• But they do exist (clearly, we all agree that **** is wrong)
• Therefore God exists
Moral Argument
• We desire God to guide us because we are insecure of the world
• Imagination steps in and creates the illusion of God
• God is therefore a product of our insecurity

Anthropological Argument and Moral Argument
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Why people choose to be atheists and Evil and Suff
• Lack of evidence to prove the existence of God
• Anthropological Argument
• Occam's Razor-Science provides a decent explanation on how the world exists, does not
need God
• Lack of care in the lives of human beings-there is evil and suffering in the world
• God supposedly created the universe but the universe is not perfect
Inconsistent Triad of Evil and Suffering
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World definitely has evil
If God is omniscient, he know there's evil
If God is omnipotent, he can stop it
If God is omnibenevolent, he wants to stop it
Why does evil still exist?

Hume believes that God is either, impotent, malicious or oblivious
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What you should
do is determined by what is true, therefore compatible
• Cannot be separated by scientific work can have religious implications
• Bible can be interpreted allegorically, hence making it compatible with scientific discoveries
• God could have acted through scientific processes to make the world as it is today
Yes, compatible

Is Science and Religion compatible?
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Augustine and Iranaeus' Theodicy and Freewill Defe
Freewill Defense
• Adam and Eve story, God gave us free will as he know that it is for the greater good
• And evil comes about as a result of the misuse of freewill
• Unavoidable without depriving freedom
Augustine's theodicy
• Natural Evil is caused by the imbalance when Adam and Eve disobeys God and we are
no longer under his control
• Moral Evil is caused by the immorality thriving when we are separated from God
Iranaeus' Theodicy
• Soul-making, human souls are only made noble through suffering
• knowledge of pain prompts us to help others in pain
• we would never know good without evil, because we won't understand the value in our
actions without something to compare it to

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If pregnancy poses threat to mother's physical and mental health
If mother is younger than 16
If child suffers mental/physical disability
If mother is victim of ****, incest or intercourse by fals pretenses
24 weeks before pregnancy (unless necessary to save mother's life

Abortion Law= Father has no say whatsoever :)))
• All life is sacred because each of us are capable of the same things
• No person has the right to deprive the other of life
Atheists on the value of life:
• We are created in the image of God
• God is the giver of life and death, and there is nothing more important than the life God
had given
Sanctity of Life-All life is sacred and holy, because:

Sanctity of Life and Abortion
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Christian teachings
Catholics-Condemns abortion in all forms
• Sanctity of life applies to unborn babies
• Ensoulment occurs during conception, so it is alike to murder
• God is the one who gives life, only he can take it away
Anglians- Want to reduce grounds for abortion
• Agape (unconditional love for others)
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No one can take a human life away
Rights of unborn child is equal to rights of mother
Contraception is available, abortion should not be used as means for birth control
People who are handicapped can still live rewarding lives

No Abortion
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Women should have the right to choose for herself
If the mother has a disease it can pass on to child
Quality of life can be reduced in family
Legal abortion prevents dangerous back-street abortions
Child should not be welcomed into the world by the anxiety of taking care of it
Why should a **** victim be burdened by taking care of a child she doesn't want?

Yes Abortion

Atheist Arguments for Abortion
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Euthanasia and the Law
• Passive Euthanasia: When a medical professional or other person doesn’t do something
that is necessary to keeping a patient alive, or stops doing something thats keeping the
patient alive, causing the death of the patient
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• Voluntary Euthanasia: The deliberate ending of a patient’s life at the request of the patient
• Involuntary Euthanasia: When a person’s life is deliberately ended against the will of the
patient
• Non-voluntary Euthanasia: When a person’s life is deliberately ended (usually by a medical
professional), without the consent of the patient, because the patient is unconscious or
otherwise unable to make a meaningful decision between life and death
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People can still have a choice in facing death
• If pets can be put down, why can't people?
No Euthanasia
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Death is not a way to stop suffering, it is merely a cry for attention
It is a waste of the efforts of Doctors to save a patient's life only for them to choose to
die in the end
We are legalizing suicide, which devalues life
Weak and Elderly might think that it is their duty to die and Euthanasia can potentially be
abused

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