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Othello
Act 1 Scene 1
‘Horribly stuff’d with epithets of war’​ - Iago
- Always talking about his war stories
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‘I follow him to serve my turn upon him’​ - Iago
- Establishes Iago as a villain explicitly at the start of the play, thereby building tension as Iago is represented to be one who takes delight in his villainy and
is skilful with manipulation
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‘Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe’​ - Iago
- Represents Othello’s sexuality as animal-like
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By likening Othello to a black ram, it diminishes him to a beast, to a position below humanity, and that by describing Desdemona as ​‘white ewe’, ​a
contrast in colour is established, representing her as corrupted by a bestial figure
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- Shakespeare’s use of antithesis: ‘black ram’ against ‘white ewe’ expressing conflict, which is at the heart of all drama
‘Thieves! Thieves! Look to your house, your daughter, and your bags!’
- The repeated use of possessive pronouns ​‘your’​ accentuates how these are all belongings of men
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This reflects how the daughter is perceived as property, such as bags and houses
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​ T
​ his demonstrates how women are not considered people with their own choices, but
rather, they have to be given permission by men to do things
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Blatant and intentional racist abuse in Iago and Roderigo’s dialogue

Balcony scene as a whole
- Visible representation of a conceptual metaphor
- Power dynamics: Iago acting as a puppet master in the shadows, whilst Roderigo was in the light and exposed, hence he was piggybacking off Roderigo’s
higher social status in Venetian society as a noble gentleman
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Act 1 Scene 2
‘My services which I have done the signiory shall out-tongue his complaints’​ - Othello
- Shakespeare represents Othello as one who is initially confident about his value to the Venetian state because he acknowledges the context of an ongoing
war against the Turks
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‘Good signior, you shall more command with years than with your weapons’ -​ Othello
- Demonstrates a sense of pride in his military prowess

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