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Topic 1: The failure on the Schlieffen Plan
How was the Schlieffen Plan designed to work?
·
The 'Schlieffen Plan' was designed by Alfred von Schlieffen (the German Chief
of Staff) last 1905
...
The
Germans put it into action without delay when war were only available in 1914
...

·
The Germans assumed that this more dangerous opponent will be Russia,
therefore the plan was that will knock out France prior to a Russian army was ready
...

During that 6 weeks France can be defeated
...

Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?
·
The Plan looked good in writing, but Schlieffen we had not taken account on the
distances which the German armies were forced to cover within the strict timetable he
laid down
...

·
The Schlieffen Plan was changed by von Moltke, the newest Chief of Staff, who
only dared for you 60% in the Germany army through Belgium so he could leave more
troops about the French border
...

·
The German army met much superior opposition in Belgium than was
expected
...
This meant it took considerably longer than
anticipated to break through Belgium
...
Germany wouldn't expect Britain to assist,
however in fact the British sent troops immediately and they played an important role
in supporting the Germans much more
...

Two German army corps were required to be sent east as reinforcements
...

·
Eventually, Von Kluck, the commander from the German First Army, around
the extreme right, quit the make an effort to encircle Paris and turned south
...
In a battle lasting eight days, the
Germans were instructed to fall time for the river Aisne
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Topic 2: Trench Warfare and also the Battle on the Somme
Why was there stalemate for the Western Front?
·
In late September 1914, the Allied armies attempted to force the Germans back
for the battle from the Aisne, playing with heavy rain they failed
...
This was an try and gain control on the Channel ports
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·
It soon became clear that defence was less of a challenge than attack
...
But there have been other factors - as an example it was usually easy
to see that this enemy were get yourself ready for a big attack plus the trenches were
zig-zagged
·
The Germans dug in especially deep generating their trenches very good
because that they already captured plenty of enemy territory
...

What was trench warfare like?
·
The popular image with the trenches is mud and death, as well as for many
soldiers this is their abiding memory
...
The bodies on the previous battles were
uncovered in later fighting
...
Even the slightest movement on top of the parapet generated instant death
coming from a sniper's bullet
...
Here there were relative safely, even boredom
...

·
Many in the troops within the first wave on the Somme were folks ”Pals'
Battalions”
...
But this meant they were all cut down with
the same time, with devastating effects around the areas they originated in
...

·
Douglas Haig believed inside the idea on the 'Big Push'
...

What happened with the Battle with the Somme?
·
On 1 July 1916, Haig launched his first great battle began over the banks on
the Somme
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·
The massive bombardment did not destroy the enemy defences and also the
British suffered 60,000 casualties for the first day
...
When Haig eventually
called from the attack in November, below five miles ended up gained
...
For example:
·
He allowed the army to take attacking long after it had been clear that no real
progress was being made
...

·
At the same time frame, the French within the British right made considerably
more impressive advances
...

This time just four miles were gained in 3 months, across a battlefield which was a sea
of mud
...

·
Haig is actually inflexible and with a lack of new ideas, He remained convinced
before end from the war that cavalry (horses) was the main element to victory - they
will storm the enemy lines after massive bombardments
...

Haig’s tactics with the ‘Big Push’ failed
...
For example:
·
Haig originally created to fight his initial battle near Ypres in 1916, but he was
instructed to change his plans following your German attack on Verdun, which began
in February 1916
...

·
Most other commanders from the war followed exactly the same tactics as Haig
and belief that cavalry was the real key
...
Therefore, it truly is unfair to select Haig for special blame
...
In this sense, Haig was right the Western Front was key
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Topic 3: The War at Sea
The war cruising was vital because either side needed supplies from abroad
...

The role with the navies along with the Battle of Jutland
·
When war broke out in 1914 the Royal Navy expected that there can be a major
fight with the German High Seas Fleet
...

·
There only agreed to be one major sea battle over the First World War, at
Jutland in May 1916
...
Although the Royal Navy lost double
the ships because Germans and double the men, the leader on the German High Seas
Fleet broke over action and returned to port
...

·
From 1916 the Royal Navy fulfilled two functions
...

It blockaded Germany and prevented vital supplies from during
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2
...
This role ensured that Britain received the supplies it
was required to fight the war
...
This meant their submarines attacked any ships coming over to Britain without
giving warning (inside past, it had been agreed that commanders who thought a nonmilitary ship was carrying war materials was required to stop the ship and let off any
passengers before sinking it)
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·
However, they restarted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare in February
1917
...

·
At first, it seemed like this policy would work however the British introduced
the convoy system (where navy ships sailed with ships carrying supplies), which
stopped the u-boats being so effective
...

·
The landings were the idea from the 'Easterners', led by Winston Churchill; it
had been their way of attempting to break the deadlock
...

Defeat Turkey, have been allies with Germany
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Get supplies to Russia throughout the Dardanelles Straights
...

·
The landings at Anzac Cove on 25 April were inside the wrong place
...
Instead of the shallow
beach, the landing force was faced by steep cliffs and Turkish defenders have been
well dug in
...
At Suvla Bay, in August 1915, the landings were
done in darkness along with the troops became lost
...

·
Once on land, the Allied troops found themselves delayed in very hard country,
the spot that the Turkish forces were always holding the high ground
...

Why did the Gallipoli Landings fail?
·
The British may not send their very best ships or officers simply because
wanted to maintain them around the Western Front
...
The British failed to even know the amount of
Turkish troops were inside the area
...

·
The officers made some very bad decisions
...
This gave the Turks time and
energy to regroup and attack
...

·
The climate was very inhospitable and plenty of soldiers died of heat and
disease
...
However, each and
every them were especially effective
...
In May 1915 the Lusitania was sunk
...
At the
beginning from the year the Germans had 120 submarines sailing and in April 1917 in
excess of 875,000 tonnes of shipping was sunk
...

·
In the tip, this convoy system would be a great success as well as the threat in
the u-boats was defeated
...

·
The main job created by aircraft early inside the war was reconnaissance finding out the location where the enemy troops were
...

However, the British soon found methods for limiting the effects with the raids - as an
example, searchlights, anti-aircraft guns and barrage balloons - so these folks were
not crucial towards the war overall
...
However, these were filled with inflammable hydrogen and big,
therefore, the British soon developed planes that might shoot them down easily
...

·
Even with the end with the war, aircraft continued to be not thought being a
vital weapon of war
...
Large planes were
expensive to build in large numbers and may not carry enough bombs making it worth
it
...

How important was Gas?
·
Poison gas was used at Ypres in April 1915 and proved a deadly weapon
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·
Gas continued for being used before very end on the war
...

·
Gas may be used in two ways
...
This depended upon the wind being
within the right direction
...
These broke open in the event the hit
the floor
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It could
blow the wrong manner and attackers were required to wear gas masks, which
hindered visibility and movement
...

·
The main job on the tank ended up being to break through barbed wire, clear
enemy trenches with machine-gun fire and destroy enemy machine-gun posts
...
Unlike plenty of other weapons inside trenches, i
thought this was designed to address, not merely defend
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·
However, tanks played an important role inside the final Allied offensive of
August 1918
...
The Germans were now in
retreat until they surrendered in November
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Topic 6: the Eastern Front
Often, when individuals think of World War One, his or her think with the trenches
around the Western front
...

What were the important thing events around the Eastern Front?
·
In 1914, the Russians attacked Germany to accept the pressure off France and
Britain inside West
...
The Germans took
135,000 Russian prisoners and also the disgraced Russian commander committed
suicide
...
Germany had come towards the aid of its ally and
through the end from the year the Russian army had retreated 500 kilometres and
another million men have been killed
...
However, Brusilov had few troops in reserve
along with the Germans begun to push the Russian advance back
...
The communists were determined to end the war as quickly as possible
and signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in March 1918
...

·
After the end on the war inside east, the Germans could transfer German
regiments through the Eastern Front on the Western Front for his or her surprise
offensive in France
...

Why was the Eastern Front very important?
Even though Russia pulled out with the war in 1917, the Eastern Front was essential
because;
·
The Russian attack in 1914 helped to defeat the Schlieffen Plan given it forced
the Germans to withdraw troops on the Western front before they defeated France
...

·
The Brusilov Offensive caused the withdrawal of German troops through the
battles of Verdun along with the Somme in 1916, which gave some relief towards the
British and French
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·
Nevertheless, by 1917 the USA had lent loads of money to Britain and France £850,000,000 to Britain alone
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·
There had also been increasing sympathy within the USA for Britain and
France, as democratic countries
...
This angered the USA
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This would have been a secret message from Germany to Mexico,
encouraging Mexico to address the USA if war broke out
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Woodrow Wilson can't stay out in the war any further
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They failed to start arriving till the spring of 1918 plus they were not
trained for just a war like one they found - their casualty rate was high
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The repeated attacks in
April, May and June 1918 (see below) were that allows you to finish the war before US
forces visited Europe in thousands
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·
They did also play an important part inside the second battle in the Maine in
June along with the subsequent battles in September and October
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Topic 8: The defeat of Germany
By 1918, there have been stalemate around the Western Front for four years
...
This should have given them a major
advantage, However, Germany had two major problems;
1
...

There were strikes and demonstrations from the war in Germany
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The USA had joined the war right now and a huge number of fresh American
troops would soon be arriving
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Quentin
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The Allies were taken completely off their guard
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By the final of May the Germans were only thirtyseven miles from Paris
...
Some hungry German soldiers had stopped advancing as a way to loot French
towns
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In
addition, the German high command could hardly supply their forces with sufficient
weapons and reinforcements to help keep the advance going
...

·
It was now the turn in the Allies to push forward and in addition they were
helped by new technology
...

The Allies advanced more kilometres in a day inside the Battle of Amiens than that
they had in each of the months of previous fighting
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·
By the start of November, most of Germany’s allies - Austria-Hungary, Turkey
and Bulgaria - had surrendered
...
There were food riots and strikes
in other German cities
...
A new German
government was formed also it immediately asked for just a ceasefire
...
Some Germans (including a
young Hitler) believed that this German army was ‘stabbed from the back’ by people

back in your own home, who surrendered when Germany could still won
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For
example;
·
Germany had needed to fight on two fronts for most with the war
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Many were starving by 1917 because from the lack of food stepping into Germany
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·
The Ludendorff Offensive nearly worked, but has not been planned well enough
from the end (see above)
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·
Their spirit was weakened a lot more when the USA joined the war
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·
While France wished to punish Germany severely, the American leader,
Woodrow Wilson, wanted a fairer settlement which gave German people some hope
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·
In the tip, the Versailles Treaty was extremely harsh on Germany
...
For example, Alsace-Lorraine was
given to France plus the Polish Corridor was made to give the modern country of
Poland an easy method out for the Baltic; this cut Germany into two
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·
The Rhineland
...
This area of Germany was being occupied for 15 years and France
could be able to mine coal inside it for those years
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·
War Guilt Clause
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Germany was furious if they saw a final treaty
...

In the long-term, that it was proved for being a disaster - it turned out a major reason
for that rise of Hitler as well as the Second World War
...
Germany
weren't the only country to blame for starting the war and were very angry that they
needed to take full blame
...

·
The restrictions within the armed forces were humiliating to this kind of proud
country
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