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Chapter 9- Women, Caste and Reform
Page No: 121
Let's Recall
1
...
Mumtaz Ali: Supported Wome's Education
Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar: Supported Widow remarriage
Page No: 122
2
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► True
(b) Social reformers had to discard the ancient texts in order to argue for reform
in social practises
...
► False
(d) The Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed in 1829
...
How did the knowledge of ancient texts help the reformers promote new laws?
Answer
Whenever they wished to challenge a practice that seemed harmful, they tried to
find a verse or sentence in the ancient sacred texts that supported their point of
view
...
Thus, the knowledge of ancient texts helped the reformers promote new
laws
...
What were the different reasons people had for not sending girls to school?
Answer
The following were the different reasons people had for not sending girls to school
...
→ They felt that travelling through public places in order to reach school would
have a corrupting influence on girls
...
5
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These children were trained to find a footing
in the changing world
...
People who looked down on the lower caste did not like the progress
of this section of people
...
6
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Many of the poor living in the Indian
villages and small towns at the time began leaving their villages and towns to look
for jobs that were opening up in the cities
...
This demand for labour was
met by the population migrating from the villages and towns
...
The army too offered opportunities for employment
...
For them, the cities
and the plantations represented the opportunity to get away from the oppressive
hold that upper-caste landowners exercised over their lives and the daily
humiliation theysuffered
...
How did Jyotirao and the reformers justify their criticism of caste inequality in
society?
Answer
Jyotirao Phule developed his own ideas about the injustices of caste society
...
Phule argued that the Aryans were foreigners, who came from outside the
subcontinent, and defeated and subjugated the native Indians
...
According to Phule, the "upper" castes had no right to their land and
power: in reality, the land belonged to indigenous people, the so-called low castes
...
Why did Phule dedicate his book Gulamgiri to the American movement to free
slaves?
Answer
Jyotirao Phule was concerned with all forms of inequalities and injustices existing
in society - whether it was the plight of the upper-caste women, the miseries of the
labourer, or the humiliation of the low castes
...
This comparison also contains
an expression of hope that one day, like the end of slavery in America, there would
be an end to all sorts of caste discriminations in Indian society
...
What did Ambedkar want to achieve through the temple entry movement?
Answer
Dr
...
R
...
Brahman priests were outraged when the
lower castes used water from the temple tank Dr
...
His aim was to make
everyone see the power of caste prejudices within the society
...
Why were Jyotirao Phule and Ramaswamy Naicker critical of the national
movement? Did their criticism help the national struggle in any way?
Answer
Both Jyotirao Phule and Ramaswamy Naicker were critical of the national
movement as they could barely see any difference between the preachers of
anticolonialism and the colonial masters
...
Phule
believed that though the upper-caste leaders were then asking people all over the
country to unite for fighting the British, once the Britishers had left, they would
continue with their oppressive caste policies, thereby causing divisions amongst
the very people they were trying to unite
...
Naicker's experience in the Congress showed him that the national movement was
not free from the taint of casteism
...
e
...
This convinced him that the lower castes had to
fight their battle themselves
...
This in turn helped strengthen the national struggle, as free
from prejudices of caste, religion and gender, the leaders could unite and
concentrate their attentions upon the single aim of overthrowing the colonial
administration