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Title: Nucleic Acids
Description: Summary of the topic nucleic acid and it consists of all the sub-topics.
Description: Summary of the topic nucleic acid and it consists of all the sub-topics.
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Nucleic Acids
DNA
Nucleic acids are organic molecules that control the synthesis of protein in all living cells by
storing and transferring genetic information
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In what form is the DNA Found?
•
•
DNA is found in a form of chromosomes in the nucleus
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DNA Structure
•
•
•
Double-stranded with twisted strands (Double-helix)
When unwound it looks like a ladder
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These monomers are called Nucleotides
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Sugar Molecules- Deoxyribose (symbol D)
2
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Nitrogen bases
Nitrogenous Bases
•
DNA has four different types of nitrogenous bases:
1
...
3
...
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Nitrogenous bases pair as follows:
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) pair with Cytosine (C)
These Nitrogenous bases are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds, which can be easily
broken down by enzymes
...
During DNA profiling a pattern of
dark bands that is unique to a person is produced
...
Main Uses for DNA Profiling are:
•
•
To help establish the compatibility of tissue type for organ transplant
To identify diseases
•
•
•
To gain proof of paternity
To identify crime suspects in forensic investigations
To match lost family members
DNA Replication
What is DNA Replication?
•
It Is the process in which DNA makes an extra copy of itself
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The Process of DNA Replication
•
•
•
•
•
•
The double helix structure unwinds, forming two strands in the shape of ladder
...
Each original DNA strand now serves as a template on which it’s complement is built
...
This results in two identical DNA molecules
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This whole process takes place under the help of an enzyme called DNA polymerase
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Doubles the genetic material so it can be shared between the resulting daughter cells
during cell division
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It also forms part of the ribosomes
...
Just like DNA, RNA is a polymer with nucleotides as monomers
...
Sugar Molecules- Ribosome (symbol R)
5
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Nitrogen bases
Nitrogenous Bases
•
RNA has four different types of nitrogenous bases:
5
...
7
...
Adenine
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
Nitrogenous bases pair as follows:
Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U)
Guanine (G) pair with Cytosine (C)
These Nitrogenous bases are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds, which can be easily
broken down by enzymes
...
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
•
tRNA picks up amino acids in the cytoplasm and takes them to the ribosome where
protein synthesis occurs
...
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
•
rRNA it forms the structure of the ribosomes in the cytoplasm and plays a role in the
control of protein synthesis
...
cells and new organisms
...
DNA is a
A-form helix
...
nucleotides
...
RNA is synthesized from
DNA on an as-needed basis
...
RNA is relatively resistant to
UV damage
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cytoplasm depending on the
type of RNA formed
...
DNA and RNA control the synthesis of proteins
Two types of processes:
•
•
Transcription
Translation
Transcription
1
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2
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3
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This process
is called Transcription
...
The mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm and
attaches to the ribosome
...
Each tRNA brings a specific amino acid to the mRNA
...
6
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Citation
Mackenzie, R
...
( 2020, Dec 18)
...
RNA – 5 Key Differences and Comparison [Blog
post]
...
technologynetworks
...
Title: Nucleic Acids
Description: Summary of the topic nucleic acid and it consists of all the sub-topics.
Description: Summary of the topic nucleic acid and it consists of all the sub-topics.