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Title: Molecules of metabolism
Description: International Baccalaureate Biology SL Topic 2.1 2016 Clear and detailed notes of topic 2.1 from the book and lecture
Description: International Baccalaureate Biology SL Topic 2.1 2016 Clear and detailed notes of topic 2.1 from the book and lecture
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Molecules of metabolism
Topic 2
...
1
Phospholipids
Biology SL
Lipids forming a bilayer in
cell membranes
Steroids
Some hormones
Nucleic acids
Deoxyribonucleic acid,
ribonucleic acid, adenosine
triphosphate
Macromolecules
➢ Proteins
○
Many functions in organisms
○
Forming hair, muscles, hormones, etc
○
Made of amino acids
➢ Carbohydrates
○
Primary energy source of plants and animals
➢ Lipids
○
Used to store energy
○
Makes up most of the plasma membrane
➢ Nucleic acids
○
Used to store genetic information
○
Helps cell assemble proteins
Metabolism
➢ Macromolecules are formed or broken down in the metabolism
➢ Metabolism i s all the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in an organism and within all
cells
➢ A catalyst is a compound that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without
being consumed itself
➢ An enzyme is a protein molecule acting as a catalyst
○
Very specific to what it catalyzes
➢ Metabolism can be described as collisions of molecules that move in their aqueous
environment
➢ There are factors that determine if a reaction will happen or not after the collision
...
1
Biology SL
Where they hit each other
The speed of the molecules when they collide
➢ Enzymes have a specific shape into which reactants can fit, at a molecular location
called the a
ctive side
○
By having an active side, the enzyme increases the likelihood of a reaction
Catabolism & Anabolism
➢ Metabolism is the sum of catabolism and anabolism
➢ Catabolism i s the breakdown of macromolecules into their subcomponents /
monomers
○
Enzyme-catalyzed
○
Example: food digestion
➢ Anabolism i s the formation of macromolecules from their subcomponents /
monomers
○
Enzyme-catalyzed
○
Example: building of muscles
➢ A hydrolysis r eaction occurs when water is a reactant
○
Catabolism
➢ A condensation r eaction is when water is a product
○
Anabolism
○
Needs another type of enzymes capable of creating rather than breaking
bonds
3
Title: Molecules of metabolism
Description: International Baccalaureate Biology SL Topic 2.1 2016 Clear and detailed notes of topic 2.1 from the book and lecture
Description: International Baccalaureate Biology SL Topic 2.1 2016 Clear and detailed notes of topic 2.1 from the book and lecture