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COMMUNICATION PROCESESS, PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICS
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2 Elements and Key Principles of Communication
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Source
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To be a good sender, you have
to know exactly what information you want to communicate, why you have
chosen that particular information, and what result you expect from
communicating it
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Message
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The details of the information should be very clear
to you before you communicate it
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Encoding
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Your symbols must be in the language that is not
foreign to the receiver
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Channel
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It may be done through face-to-face conversation, telephone call, video
conference, or written communication (text message, email, letter,
memorandum, report)
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Decoding
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To be able to do this, he needs to get an accurate picture of the message
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Receiver
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This is the receiver‘s response to your message
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When this happen, you have to find out why it is unsuccessful, learn from
your mistakes, and strive to do better next time
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Context
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It includes (a) the environment – the location, time of the day, temperature; (b) the
relationship between the communicators – you as sender and the other person as
receiver, such as teacher and student, boss and subordinate, parent and child,
siblings, or peers: (c) their respective cultural backgrounds and past experiences;
and (d) the topic/subject of their communication
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Sender (who the source is)
Message (what the idea being communicated says)
Channel (through what medium the message is relayed)
Receiver
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Interpersonal communication is inescapable
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Even the very attempt of not wanting to
communicate something
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You always communicate and receive communication from others
not only through words but also through voice, tone, gesture, posture, bodily
movement, facial expression, clothes worn, and so on
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Interpersonal communication is irreversible
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Words are powerful; they can
either heal or harm others
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Whenever you communicate with
anyone, you simultaneously interpret both his verbal and nonverbal language, and that
is often both confounding and demanding
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Interpersonal communication is contextual
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There are many things that need to
be considered, such as the ones given below
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Psychological context, which is who you are, and what you as sender or
receiver bring to the interaction—your needs, desires, values, beliefs,
personality, and so on
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Relational context, which concerns your reactions to the other person based
on relationship—as boss, colleague, friend, sibling, parent, and the like
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Situational context, which deals with the psycho-social ―where‖ you are
communicating
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d
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e
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For instance, bodily movement, facial expression, gesture,
distance, and eye contact vary in different cultures
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Johnston (1994) pointed out ten ethics in communication that you should
bear in mind to avoid being labeled ―unethical‖
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Mutuality Pay attention to the needs of others, as well as yours
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Individual Dignity Do not cause another person embarrassment or a loss of
dignity
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Tell them everything
they have a right and need to know, not just what is true
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Access to information Never bolster the impact of your communication by
preventing people from communicating with one another or by hindering access to
the supporting information
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Accountability Be responsible and accountable for the consequences of your
relationships and communication
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Audience As audience or receiver of the information, you also have ethical
responsibilities
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means Be sure that the end goal of your communication and the means
of getting to that end are both ethical although no rule can be applied without
reservation to any situation
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Use of power In situation where you have more power than others (e
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, a
teacher with a student, a boss with a subordinate, a parent with a child), you also
have more responsibility for the outcome
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Rights vs
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