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SCH 206

Aldehydes and Ketones

O
R
Aldehyde

Dr
...

2
...

4
...

Identify and name the substituents
...

Assemble the substituents alphabetically
...

Dr
...
The
parent chain must contain the –CHO group, and
the –CHO carbon is always at carbon number one
...
Solomon Derese

3

SCH 206

2-Phenylbutanedial

H
O
O
H

For unsaturated aldehydes, the presence of a
carbon-carbon double or triple bond is indicated by
the infix -en- or -yn-
...
Solomon Derese

Pent-2-ynal
4

SCH 206

Cyclic aldehydes

A cyclic compound containing an aldehyde group
immediately adjacent to the ring is named as a
carbaldehyde:

Cyclohexanecarbaldehyde

O

2-Methylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde
H
Dr
...
Solomon Derese

6

SCH 206

Among oxygen-containing groups, a higher
oxidation state takes precedence over a lower one
in determining the suffix of the substitutive name
...

H

5-Hydroxypentanal

O

OH
HO
O
H

trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarbaldehyde
Dr
...

The chain is then numbered in the way that gives
the carbonyl carbon atom the lower possible
number, and this number is used to designate its
position
...
Solomon Derese

(Methyl propyl ketone)
8

SCH 206

Hexane-2,4-dione
Some ketones have common names that are
retained in the IUPAC system:

Acetone
Dr
...

Dr
...
In such
cases, the carbonyl oxygen of the ketone is
considered an oxo-substituent on the main chain
...
Solomon Derese

11



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