Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.

Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.

My Basket

You have nothing in your shopping cart yet.

Title: Aldehydes and ketones synthesis
Description: Well Comprehensive notes on Aldehydes and ketones nomenclature

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above


SCH 206

Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones

Aldehydes and Ketones
Hydration

Alkynes
Dr
...


Oxidation of Alcohols
OH
Oxidizing agent
H
R
H
1° Alcohol

SCH 206

Aldehyde

Oxidation of a primary alcohol to an aldehyde requires
careful selection of an oxidizing agent, since they are
easily oxidized to carboxylic acids
...
Solomon Derese

Ketone
18

SCH 206

OXIDIZING AGENTS
Aqueous oxidants

Anhydrous oxidants

H2CrO4
Na2Cr2O7
K2Cr2O7

N
H

ClCrO3

Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)

KMnO4

Dr
...


Dr
...

1° Alcohol

Aldehyde (not isolated)

Dr
...
Solomon Derese

22

SCH 206

Step I: Formation of a chromate ester

Step II: E2 elimination to form a carbon-oxygen p bond

Dr
...


Dr
...
Solomon Derese

Green

25

Assignment 5

SCH 206

I
...
Provide a step by step mechanism for the
following transformation:

Dr
...
OZONOLYSIS OF ALKENES
General reaction
R

H

O3

:O :
:O :
:O :
R

R

R

R

H

R

R
R
Molozonide

O

H

O O R
Ozonide
Reductive workup

Oxidative workup

O H

R
O+ O
R

Dr
...
O
...

R
H

R

R

R
R
Molozonide

R

R
R

Dr
...
O
:O:
O

H

R
R

H

O O R
Ozonide

H


...

:O

...
O3
2
...
O3
2
...
H3O+

O

O

HO

Dr
...
Hydration of Alkynes
H

R

H

H

OH

R

H

HgSO4, H2SO4, H2O

Markovinikov
addition
1) BH3 / THF
2) H2O2, -OH, H2O

Anti-Markovinikov
addition

Tautomerization

HO

Enol
Keto
Terminal alkynes undergo addition of water in the
same way as alkenes, except that the product is an
enol
...

Dr
...
Terminal alkynes will add
water if mercuric ion, Hg2+, is added to the acidic
mixture
...
Internal alkynes
undergo hydration with concentrated acid
...


Dr
...


Dr
...


Dr
...


Friedel-Crafts acylation

SCH 206

General reaction

AlCl3
Example

Dr
...

Cl :

...

AlCl
Cl
3

...

C O

...
Solomon Derese

35

SCH 206

Step II: Electrophilic attacks
O
C

H

O
R

R

Cl


...


Al Cl
Cl

O
R

Dr
...


Dr
Title: Aldehydes and ketones synthesis
Description: Well Comprehensive notes on Aldehydes and ketones nomenclature