Notesale: Turn your study into money

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PRODUCTION OF FINE CHEMICALS FOR
PHARMACEUTICALS

The chemical industry and basic
human needs
• Human beings traditionally relied on direct use of unprocessed natural
substances to satisfy basic needs- firewood, fruits,shelter, medicine
...

• The processes of changing the physical and chemical composition or
structure of natural substances, or of synthesizing new materials are
part of the chemical process technology
...

• Transformation of methods of modifying natural substances, including
chemical modification techniques have led to the development of
modern chemical industry
...

• These products are segmented into three
categories, commodity, fine and specialty
chemicals
...

• Petrochemicals, basic chemicals, heavy organic
and inorganic chemicals, high volume
monomers, commodity fibers and plastics are all
commodity chemicals
...


Defintion- Fine and specialty
chemicals
• Fine chemicals are single, pure chemical
substances with usually complex chemical
structures
...

• Fine chemicals account for 4-5% of the total
US$ 2 trillion turnover of the global chemical
industry
...


Fine chemical types contd
...


Specialty chemicals
...

• They are made to perform a function
...

• Sub-categories of specialty chemicals are found in application
groups, adhesives, agrochemicals, biocides etc
...

• Specialty chemicals are sold on the basis of “what they can do”
and fine chemicals on the basis of “what they are”
...

• Commodity chemicals are made at greater than
1000 tons per year while fine chemicals are
produced at less than that
...

• However these demarcations are not strict
...


Fine and specialty chemicals
identified
...

• “Commoditized” specialty chemicals contain commodity
chemicals as active ingredients
...


Characteristics of fine chemicals
• Organic fine chemicals are pure single
substances that are produced by chemical
reactions or isolated from plants and are traded
on the basis of their chemical identity, uses and
degree of purity
...


Production of fine and specialty
chemicals- features
• The manufacturing sector for these chemicals has the
following characteristics:
- they undergo high rate of obsolescence due to
changing demand patterns and therefore highly dependent
on research and innovation accompanied by constant
product development through research and innovation
...
The
small scale unit equipment requires creative engineering
...

- extraction from plant or fermentations of
fungal broths etc
...

- the sector is generally driven by end –use
demands
...

- the production of fine chemicals is
accompanied by low investment in equipment
...


Manufacturing chains, value addition
• Primary manufacturing- Making the active
ingredients from starting commodity chemicals
• Secondary manufacturing-Formulation of the active
chemicals into products
...

This process is followed by tablet or capsule
formation and packing before sale
...


Fine chemicals in the national economy

• Chemical industry contributes to human welfare
and to socio-economic development
...

• A suitable development policy should therefore
have some focus on development of fine chemicals
sector, since these chemicals impact on all sectors
of economic growth
...


Fine chemicals in national economy
• In the personal care sub-sector, various beauty products
including products for skin, hair, and face care such as
creams, powders, and perfumes are all products of fine
chemicals sector
...

• The provision of a variety of spices, flavors, and food
additives, required to satisfy the peoples daily necessities
and needs requires the presence of a robust light industry
for the production and consumption of a large quantity of
fine chemical products
...

• High efficiency agriculture provides food
security which is vital to a nation
...


Fine chemicals in high technology
sector
...

• Rockets which use liquid oxygen and liquid
nitrogen and space industry are fitted with tanks
which use multi-layer insulation materials
...


Fine chemicals in high technology
contd
...

• The specialty materials needed in these cases
are from fine chemicals industry- glass fiber,
re-inforced plastics, carbon fiber, polyacrylamide fibers etc
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