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PHARMA MIDTERMS
1
...
It is
divided into two categories
...
What is the study that refers to what drug
does to the body? -Pharmacodynamics
3
...
In drug nomenclature, what refers to the
drug’s nonproprietary name which is often
derived and is the shortened version of
the drug’s chemical name
-Generic name
5
...
-12
...
Drug development and approval
procedures involve extensive preclinical and
clinical studies
...
In drug development clinical study, which
phase assesses the drug’s effectiveness in
treating a specific disease/disorder, and is
usually applied to a limited number of patients
with the target disorder? -Phase II
15
...
A 35 yo man was seen in the clinic
...
He is given two drugs as
options for his condition
...
Drug A requires a higher dose to
produce the same effect as a lower dose of
drug B
...
In a dose-response curve, there is an
incremental increase in dosage and its
effects, until it reaches a plateau stage, which
means that at this point no further increase in
dosage will increase the drug’s effect
...
-Threshold dose
18
...
In a quantal-dose response, when 50% of
the population reports feeling the side/adverse
effect of the drug, this dose is referred to
-median toxic dose (TD50)
20
...
To determine a drug’s safety, two drugs
are compared
...
Which drug is
safer to give to the patient? -Drug B
22
...
It depends
on the route of administration as well as the
drug’s ability to cross membrane barriers
...
The semipermeable membrane is a
phospholipid bi-layer that regulates the entry
and exit of molecules into the cell
...
Which
of the two refers to the “head” of the lipid that
is situated facing outward -Hydrophilic
24
...
When talking about the movement of
drugs/components across membranes, the
process by which most drugs are absorbed
and distributed -diffusion
26
...
What
refers to the first choice -Biotransformation

27
...
Which consists
of reactions such as oxidation, reduction, or
hydrolysis -phase 1 reactions
28
...
Which is the primary organ responsible for
drug excretion -kidney
30
...
It is important in
describing the duration of activity of the
compound -Half-life
31
...
What type of antagonist would form
reversible attachment and can be removed
from the binding site when more agonist drugs
with affinity to the receptors are available?
-Competitive Antagonist
33
...
The
best example of this is the denervation of a
peripheral nerve after an amputation
procedure
...
In the movement of molecules across
membranes, some drugs require carrier
proteins that perform different functions
...
What part of the cell is the principal site for
receptors -cell surface
36
...
Which is also known as
pachymeninges/pachymenix -Dura mater
38
...
Part of the brain that is composed of
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus,
lentiform nucleus;and is primarily involved in
the control of motor activities -Basal Ganglia

40
...
Involved in the control of emotional and
behavioral activity -Limbic system
42
...
-47
...
Group of drugs used both to relax and to
promote sleep- Sedative hypnotics
49
...
Exert their effects by increasing the
duration of the inhibitory effects of
neurotransmitter GABA -Barbiturates
51
...

These produce similar effects to the
benzodiazepines but with lesser side effects
...
Benzodiazepines as sedative hypnotics
also have adverse effects
...
Flumazenil
is a drug that is given to counteract these side
effects
...

These can be considered as __ to the
benzodiazepines -antagonist
53
...
The need to take more of a drug to exert
the same effect -Drug tolerance
55
...
Other name anti-anxiety drugs
-Anxiolytics
57
...
Group of mental conditions that includes
depression,bipolar syndrome, and several
others that are characterized by a marked
disturbance in patient’s mood -Affective
disorders
59
...
-63
...
Bipolar disorder is associated with mood
swings from one extreme to another
...
Drug for bipolar disorder -lithium
66
...
The
most common form -schizophrenia
67
...
Extrapyramidal symptom that refers to
inability to sit still, with feelings of restlessness
and urge to move about -Akathisia
69
...
Extrapyramidal symptom can be life
threatening and is manifested by febrile
episodes, coma, catatonia, rigidity, tremors
-NMS
71
...
-77
...
Drug choice for absence of seizures
-Ethosuximide
79
...
anti-epileptic drug known for its adverse
effect of gingival hyperplasia -Phenytoin

PREFI PHARMA
1-6
...

· PD – True
· SMA – False
· Choreiform – True
· Ballismus – False
· Rigidity – False
· DMD – False
· Stereotypical movement – True
7
...
In movement disorders, there is an
imbalance in the neurotransmitters
dopamine and norepinephrine
· True
9
...
Parkinson Disease is a movement
disorder characterized by bradykinesia,
rigidity, and __?
· Postural instability and resting
tremor
11
...
Which grade would
refer to considerable increase in tone with
passive movement difficult?

· Grade 3
12
...
This muscle relaxant when given
exerts effects directly on specific muscles
cell, however, may also cause generalized
weakness
...
The mechanism of action for this
muscle relaxant is that it binds directly to
the presynaptic terminal and destroys the
fusion proteins so that acetylcholine will
not be released
...
The mechanism of action for this
muscle relaxant is that it binds to GABA to
exert its effects
· Baclofen
16
...
Which of the two types of anesthesia
will produce a loss of sensation on the
general body or region?
· General anesthesia
18
...
Prototype drug for local anesthesia

· PROCAINE
20
...
There are four distinct
pharmacological properties of NSAIDs
...
What is the hormone that is inhibited
by NSAIDs to decrease pain and
inflammation?
· Prostaglandins
23
...
In Eicosanoid biosynthesis, which
pathway or enzyme is inhibited by
NSAIDs?
· Cyclooxygenase
25
...
e
...
Cholinergic drugs can be classified
into cholinergic stimulants and
anticholinergics
...
Cholinergic drugs can be classified
into cholinergic stimulants and
anticholinergics
...
Cholinergic drugs can be classified
into cholinergic stimulants and
anticholinergics
...
What is the prototypical antimuscarinic
anticholinergic drug?
· Atropine
30
...
This is an alpha agonist drug
...
Match items whether they are
sympathetic or parasympathetic
· “Rest and Restore” –
Parasympathetic
· Postganglionic NT:
acetylcholine –
Parasympathetic
· Postganglionic NT:
norepinephrine –
sympathetic
· Fight or flight – Sympathetic
· Dilates pupil – Sympathetic

· Contracts bladder –
parasympathetic
37
...
Rapid control of blood pressure is
accomplished primarily by?
· Baroreceptor reflex
39
...
Which antihypertensive drug category
primarily acts on the kidneys, and lowers
blood pressure by decreasing plasma fluid
volume?
· Diuretics
41
...
These drug groups are typically used
to treat the symptoms of angina pectoris
...
Calcium channel blockers decrease
the entry of calcium into vascular smooth
muscle cells, thus causing relaxation and
vasodilation
...
Peripheral
edema, as evidenced by swelling in the
feet and legs, may occur as a side effect?
· True
44
...
Of the heart anatomy, which refers to
the semilunar valves?
· Aortic and Pulmonary valves
46
...
Of the heart anatomy, which vessel
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs
back to the heart?
· Pulmonary vein
48
...
Match terms with corresponding
answers
· Right heart failure – ankle
edema
· Left heart failure – pulmonary
edema
· Inotropic – force of muscular
contraction
· Chronotropic – rhythm of
contraction
53
...

What are these?
· Antitussives
54
...

What are these receptors?
· Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
55
...
The cell wall of bacteria becomes rigid
because of the presence of this
component unique to the bacteria species
· Peptidoglycans
57
...
Viral replication is a vital process by
which viruses invade a host organism
...

These are the following EXCEPT:
· Integration of viral DNA into
host DNA

62
...
This refers to the volume of air that
remain in the lung even after the most
forceful expiration
· Residual volume
64-70
...
Which of the following is the function
by which interferons act as antiviral drugs?
· Triggers the macrophage-like
defenses of host cells
60
...
Which immunosuppressive drug
inhibits a specific protein called
“calcineurin” in lymphoid tissues?
· Cyclosporine



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