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Title: Short Note in Introduction to Periodic Chemistry For Students
Description: Its an essential tool that will help students understand topics better and in exchange help them excell in their final exam

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AQA Chemistry A-level
3
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1: Periodicity
Detailed Notes

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All the elements
along a ​period​ have the same number of ​electron shells​
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Elements are classified into ​blocks​ within the Periodic Table that show electron configuration:
s-block = groups 1 and 2
p-block = groups 3 to 0
d-block = transition metals
f-block = radioactive elements
These different electron configurations are often ​linked to other trends​ within the Periodic
Table
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Atomic Radius
Along a ​period​, atomic radius ​decreases​
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The outer electrons are pulled in closer to the nucleus as the
increased charge produces a ​greater attraction​
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Down a ​group​, atomic radius ​increases​
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This increases the distance between the outer electrons and the nucleus,
reducing the power of attraction​
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Therefore the ​nuclear attraction
is reduced​ further and atomic radius increases
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Ionisation Energy
Along a ​period​, ionisation energy ​increases​
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Down a ​group​, ionisation energy ​decreases​
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Their melting points
increase due to greater ​positive charged ions​ (Na = +1, Mg = +2, Al = +3)
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Silicon is macromolecular meaning it has a ​very strong covalent structure​
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Phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine are all ​simple covalent molecules​ held with weak ​van der
waals​ forces
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This
makes the atom ​very stable ​and the van der waals forces between them very weak
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Title: Short Note in Introduction to Periodic Chemistry For Students
Description: Its an essential tool that will help students understand topics better and in exchange help them excell in their final exam