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Title: Homeostasis and Endocrine System
Description: Notes of Chapter 32 from Campbell's Biology in Focus
Description: Notes of Chapter 32 from Campbell's Biology in Focus
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Chapter 32 Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling
Anatomy: biological form physiology: biological function
32
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Epithelial tissue forms active interfaces on external and internal surfaces; connective tissue binds and
supports other tissues; muscle tissue contracts, moving body parts; and nervous tissue transmits nerve
impulses throughout the body
...
Homeostasis is the maintenance of steady state despite internal and
external changes
Regulator: an animal that uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in
the face of external fluctuation Conformer: an animal that allows its internal condition to
change in accordance with external changes
...
Endotherms are warmed mostly by heat generated by metabolism
...
The hypothalamus acts as the thermostat in mammalian regulation of body
temperature
...
2 Endocrine signals triggers homeostatic mechanisms in target tissues
In communicating between different locations in the body, the endocrine system broadcasts
signaling molecules called hormones everywhere via the bloodstream
...
The nervous system uses dedicated information to specific locations
...
Endocrine system: signaling molecules released into the bloodstream by endocrine
cells are carried to all locations in the body nervous system: neurons transmit signals along
dedicated routes connecting specific locations in the body hormones: signaling molecules
broadcast through the body by the endocrine system
Pancreas: a gland located behind the stomach
Pituitary gland: Anterior Pituitary: often regulates other endocrine glands
Posterior Pituitary: an extension of the hypothalamus – stores and releases oxytocin
(regulates milk release) and ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) (regulates blood pressure)
positive feedback: reinforces a stimulus, leading to an even greater response
epinephrine: aka adrenaline – raising blood sugar levels, increasing blood flow, and
decreasing blood flow to the digestive system
32
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osomolarity: osmotic pressure
osmoconformer: to be isosmotic with its surroundings (all marine animals)
osmoregulator: to control internal osmolarity independent of the environment
...
Most excretory systems carry out filtration,
reabsorption, secretion, and excretion
...
32
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The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water but
not salt, whereas the ascending limb is permeable to salt but not water
...
1
...
Descending limb of the loop of Henle: reabsorption of water continues as the filtrate
moves into the descending limb of the loop of Henle
...
Ascending limb of the loop of Henle: the filtrate reaches the tip of the loop and then
returns to the cortex within the ascending loop
...
Distal Tubule: plays a key role in regulating the K+ and NaCI concentrations of body
fluids
5
...
In response to hormonal signals,
urine can be concentrated in the collecting duct
...
For example, dessert mammals, which excrete the most
hyperosmotic urine, have loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla
Title: Homeostasis and Endocrine System
Description: Notes of Chapter 32 from Campbell's Biology in Focus
Description: Notes of Chapter 32 from Campbell's Biology in Focus