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Student Exploration: Microevolution
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo
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What is fitness?
The ability to survive and reproduce
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3
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is
ar stu
ed d
vi y re
aC s
o
ou urc
rs e
eH w
er as
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But what happens when one allele confers an
advantage or disadvantage to an individual? These
scenarios and others can be explored with the
Microevolution Gizmo™
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The feather color of the parrots in the Gizmo is
controlled by two alleles, D and d
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What
is the feather color of each parrot genotype?
DD = dark green
Dd = light green
dd= yellow
Th
2
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Set the Fitness of DD slider to 100% and the other fitness sliders to 60%
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Click Begin, and then click Predator
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This study source was downloaded by 100000828326221 from CourseHero
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coursehero
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Set the DD and dd sliders to 34%
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If the deleterious allele is a dominant allele (D), then both homozygous
DD and heterozygous Dd individuals will be at a disadvantage
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Observe: To model the effects of a deleterious dominant allele, set the Fitness of
DD and Fitness of Dd sliders to 60%
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is
ar stu
ed d
vi y re
aC s
o
ou urc
rs e
eH w
er as
o
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2
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DD
Dd
dd
Totals
Starting population
240
20
240
500
Killed by hawks
87
10
1
98
Th
3
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Record the results of hawk predation in the
table below
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Calculate: To calculate the percentage of survivors for each genotype, divide the
Ending population by the Starting population
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DD 63
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58 %
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com on 08-14-2021 03:12:00 GMT -05:00
https://www
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com/file/30508290/Microevolution-Gizmodocx/
The highest rate of survival (99
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75%)
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Click Continue, and then click
Predator
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Select the
TABLE tab and record the genotype populations over time in the spaces below
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co
m
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Yellow feathers were the fittest birds and dark
green birds were the least fit
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Interpret: Select the ALLELE GRAPH tab
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Interpret: Select the GENOTYPE GRAPH tab
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Deleterious
recessive
alleles
Get the Gizmo ready:
·
·
Click Reset
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sh
Activity B:
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by a recessive allele
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com on 08-14-2021 03:12:00 GMT -05:00
https://www
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com/file/30508290/Microevolution-Gizmodocx/
causes the production of abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and pancreas
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Question: How will allele frequencies change if a recessive allele is
deleterious?
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Set the Fitness of dd to 60%
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co
m
2
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Gather data: Click Begin
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Select
the TABLE tab and record the genotype populations over time in the spaces below
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sh
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What does this graph show?
Dd’s allele percentage goes down throughout the generations and DD skyrockets up
throughout the generations
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What does this graph show?
This study source was downloaded by 100000828326221 from CourseHero
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coursehero
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A
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Why do you think this is so? Because these alleles are less common in the first
place, when you add in the factor that it's only hurting the birds, it becomes less
common
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Apply: Deleterious recessive alleles, such as the allele that causes cystic fibrosis,
can persist in a population indefinitely
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co
m
Because some birds still have a chance for survival and some birds are heterozygous
meaning if they reproduce with another heterozygous bird than their offspring could be
dd, keeping the allele from disappearing
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Think and discuss: Why are most genetic diseases caused by recessive alleles?
They are caused by recessive alleles because they are less common and have a smaller
chance of inheriting the disease
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Explain the relationship between alleles and the fitness of a population
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This study source was downloaded by 100000828326221 from CourseHero
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coursehero
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