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Introduction to Earth
Science
ES-245

Week 7
Bioshpere
Terrestrial Environments

Aneeza Islam

Coniferous Forests
Grow in the Himalayan
mountain region

 Temperature is low
...

 Have cones instead of
seeds and are called
gymnosperms
...


Evergreen Forests
Grow in the high rainfall areas
where monsoon lasts for
several months
...

No leafless phase
...

Forest is rich in orchids and
ferns abounds in animal life &
is most rich in insect life
...

 Lasts for only few months
...

 Trees shed their leaves during
the winter and hot summer
months and regain their fresh
leaves just before the
monsoon
...


Thorn Forests
 Found in the semi- arid regions
...

 Can conserve water
...

 Reduce loss of water – some
species have small leaves, and
some have thick waxy leaves
...


Mangrove Forests
Grow along the coast
especially in the river
deltas
...

Have breathing roots
...


Services provided by Forests
• Control flow of water
• Watershed
protection
• Help increase
ground Water level
• Prevent soil erosion
• Control temperature
• Absorb CO2
• Gene pool

Threats to the Forest Ecosystem
• Deforestation
• Poaching
• Overexploitation of resources
• Development activities (mining,
dams)
• Changing land use patterns
• Fragmentation
• Habitat degradation

Conservation of Forests
Ecosystems






Use resources carefully
Alternate source of energy for fuel wood
Afforestation
NP and Wildlife Sanctuaries
Control population

Be a part to keep
the balance of the Forest Ecosystem



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