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Title: Biology 101- Basics of Cells and Organisms
Description: These are from Biology 101 at Missouri State University. These notes contain information for the levels of the ecosystem, scientific method, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, monomers, and polymers.

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“I know” 1
...
) I understand well enough to use 
Metacognition: THINKING ABOUT YOUR THINKING 
Domain­ has the most organisms  
Kingdom 
Phylum 
Class 
Order 
Family 
Genus 
Species 

 
Biosphere​
: Contains all ecosystems   
Ecosystem​
: A community and its nonliving 
surroundings 
Community​
: Populations that live together in a 
defined area 
Population​
: Group of organisms of one type that live in 
the same area 
Organisms​
: individual living thin 
Groups of cells, cells, and molecules  

 
Organ systems ­ group of organs that work together to perform a certain task
 
   ↓ 
Organs­structure made of two or more different tissue types that work together to do a 
certain job  
   ↓ 
Tissue­group of similar cells that all do the same work 
  ↓ 
Cells­group of similar cells that all do the same work  
  ↓ 
Organelles­specialized cell parts that perform a cell's activities
 
  ↓ 
Atoms­ the smallest particle that something can be broken down into and still retain the 
original chemical properties 
 
● Scientific Method: rough recipe for answering questions, but can be flexible in the 
order of steps  
● Discovery science: science provides data used to explore the natural world  
● Energy is needed for any atoms to do work within a cell: true 

● Energy is NOT needed for atoms to do work within a molecule
...
 Lipids occur throughout the living world in  microorganisms, higher plants 
and animals and also in all cell types
...

­ Found in meats and dairy foods 
 
Protein: ​
Proteins​
 are molecules made from tiny building blocks called amino acids, 
and are a vital part of all living things
...
 ​
 ​
cells​ heir main function is to heal wounds, fight​
T
 ​
infection​
 and build​ uscle​
 ​
m

...
 
Nucleic acids in the form of DNA and RNA control cellular function and heredity
...
 ​
GIVE ENERGY 
 
How metabolism is a series of chemical reactions:  
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 Your cells use these monomer building blocks to construct 
new polymers (by building new muscle proteins for example) 

Biological molecules=organic molecules ​ = biological molecule 
C­­C​
● carbohydrates 
● proteins 
● fat 
● fiber 
○ cellulose­ plant cell wall 
● cholesterol 
● vitamins 
 
Monomer­ small pieces 
Polymers­ bigger pieces 
● monosaccharide 
● nucleic acids  
 
  ​onomers and polymers that go together 
M
­ Ex
...
 Nucleotide (monomer), DNA (polymer)  
 
 
“ose” breaks down “ase” (lactose breaks down lactase)  
 
Dehydration synthesis­ 2 monomers go together to make 1 polymer 
Enzymes are catalysts: they only do one thing 
Catabolic reactions RELEASE ENERGY
...
 Therefore, the 
have a wide variety of structure
...
 Proteins have complex structures due to chemical 
bonding
...
  
 
There are​ amino acids that are essential to get in your diet because they cannot be 
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made by the body
Title: Biology 101- Basics of Cells and Organisms
Description: These are from Biology 101 at Missouri State University. These notes contain information for the levels of the ecosystem, scientific method, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, monomers, and polymers.