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HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The human circulatory system which is also known as blood vascular system
comprises muscular chambered heart, a network of closed branching blood
vessels and fluid in the form of blood
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Arteries can carry blood from
the heart to the of the parts of the body
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Heart
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It is mesodermally formed organ
It is located between two lungs in the thoracic cavity
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The size of the heart is roughly the size of a clenched fist
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The heart has four chambers
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Atrioventricular Septum – It is a thick fibrous tissue that separates the
left and the right ventricles
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These two valves guard
the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle
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The function of Valves – The valves allow the blood flow in one direction
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Also, these valves prevent the blood from
flowing backwards
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The walls of ventricles
are thicker than the walls of atria
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Normal heart beating rate is 70 to 75 times in a minute
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These help in carrying blood away from the heart
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Pulmonary artery brings blood from the heart to the lungs and hence
termed as Pulmonary artery as term pulmonary indicates its relation to
lungs
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These have relatively high pressure as the heart pushes the blood with the
pumping
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It always carries deoxygenated blood except for the pulmonary vein which
carries blood from the lungs to the heart
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The internal lumen is large
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Capillaries
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Found in the lungs and muscles
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Through capillaries, the oxygen
reaches the tissues while tissue also gives out the carbon dioxide into the
capillaries
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 This pathway is called pulmonary circulation
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Here the

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deoxygenated blood is collected by a system of veins, vena cava,
and veins and is further emptied into the right atrium
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 It provides oxygen, nutrients and other essential substances to the
tissues and collects carbon dioxide and other toxic substances away
for elimination
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 Its function is to carry blood from the intestine to the liver through a
hepatic portal vein before it is released in the systemic circulation
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DISEASES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

High blood pressure (hypertension)
 It is the term used for higher blood pressures than normal (120/80)
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 A pressure above this standard signifies hypertension
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Coronary Artery Disease
 It is often known as atherosclerosis
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 It is caused by deposition of fat, fibrous tissue, calcium, and cholesterol
that makes the lumen of the arteries very narrow
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 Acute chest pain occurs when oxygen is not enough in the heart muscles
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 It happens due to conditions that affect the flow of blood
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 It is sometimes referred to as congestive heart failure as it often is
accompanied by the congestion of the lungs
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