Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

MNEMONICS AND
ACRONYMS FOR
NURSING SCHOOL
Nursing School Study and Memory Tricks

AIDS/HIV
Wrap, Glove, and Don’t Shoot

Wrap it up (condom use in patients engaging
in risky sexual practices)
Glove it up, and (health care workers need to
wear gloves when exposure to blood, semen,
or other bodily fluids is possible)…
Don’t shoot up (intravenous drug users must
not share needles)

Vertical VS Horizontal

VERTICAL: From mother to infant during birth;
a baby comes out vertically from the pelvis
HORIZONTAL: Through body fluids; sexual
intercourse occurs in a horizontal position

BBB 3-Point Mantra

B | Blood
AIDS

A | Afraid that you have been exposed

B | Body Sex Fluids
B | Breast Milk

I | Intraveneous Drug Use
D | Diagnostic Features of HIV infections
S | Sexual Behaviors

ZZZLSD

The 3 DEN Ladies of NNRT

DELA: Delavirdine
EFA: Efavirenz

NEVIRA: Nevirapine

Z | Zidovudine
Z | Zalcitabine
L | Lamivudine
S | Stavudine
D | Didanosine

We don’t want our patients to RIP

RALFSINA are inhibitors of Protease (Protease
Inhibitors)
R | Ritonavir
A | Amprenavir
L | Lopinavir
F | Fosamprinavir
Z | Saquinavir
I | Indinavir
N | Nelfinavir
A | Azatanavir

ASSESSMENT

OLD CART

PQRST

L | Location

Q | Quality (Stabbing, Sharp, Dull, etc
...
Decreased urine output may
be associated with impaired renal function
...


A4 | Asthma
P1 | Pneumonia
P2 | Pneumothorax
P3 | Pulmonary Edema
P4 | Pulmonary Embolus

MONA or ON AM for Correct Order

M | Morphine
O | Oxygen

N | Nitroglycerine
A | Aspirin

The correct order of MONA interventions is
oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin, and then
morphine
...
Proven
thrombosis or presence of skin necrosis, or
an acute systemic reaction following
administration of a heparin bolus = Higher
probability of it being HIT
T4 | Thrombocytopenia, other causes
...

There are various etiologies that may be
responsible, but one cause is heparininduced (AKA: HIT), which is an immune
mediated reaction following drug exposure
...


CRITICAL CARE
LEAN

5 P’s

E | Epinephrine

P2 | Pallor

A | Atropine

P3 | Pulse Declined or Absent

N | Narcan

P4 | Pressure Increased

L | Lidocaine

P1 | Pain

P5 | Paresthesia
CRAPS

C | Cardiac

HYPO-TACHY-TACHY

R | Ruptured AAA (Abdominal Aortic
Aneurysms, AKA “Triple A”)

HYPOTENSION
TACHYCARDIA

A | Aortic Stenosis

TACHYPNEA

P | Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
S | Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

CHORD ITEM

C | Cold, Clammy Skin
H | Hypotension
O | Oliguria
R | Rapid, Shallow Breathing
D | Drowsiness, Confusion

Tachycardia is an anticipated finding in an
individual who is exerting his or herself; for
example, the heart rate can easily reach 160
while working out on cardio equipment at
the gym
...


I | Irritability
T | Tachycardia
E | Elevated/Reduced Central Venous
Pressure
M | Multi-Organ Damage

CHORD

C | Cardiac
H | Hypovolemia
O | Obstructive (Tension Pneumothorax,
Tamponade, PE)
R | Respiratory/Medical (Hypoxia,
Acidosis, Hypothermia, Hyperkalemia, OD)
D | Distributive (Spinal Shock, Anaphylaxis,
Sepsis)

SHRIMP CAN

RN CHAMPS

S | Septic

R | Respiratory

H | Hemorrhagic

N | Neurogenic

R | Respiratory

C | Cardiogenic

I | Insulin-Hypoglycemia from insulin
overdose or Extreme Hyperglycemia –
Diabetic KetoAcidosis (DKA)

H | Hemorrhagic

M | Metabolic

P | Psychogenic

P | Psychogenic

S | Septic

A | Anaphylactic
M | Metabolic

C | Cardiogenic
A | Anaphylactic
N | Neurogenic

TRAUMATIC

T | Tissue Perfusion Issues
R | Respiratory Problems

AMPLE (Following Initial Assessment)

A | Anxiety

A | Allergies

U | Unstable Clotting Factors

M | Medications

M | Malnutrition

P | Previous Medical History

A | Altered Body Image

L | Last Meal

T | Thromboembolism

E | Events surrounding the Injury or What
happened

I | Infection
C | Crush Syndrome & Coping Problems

DIABETES
KING UFC

FIT

I | Insulin

I | Intervals: 30 minutes a Day

N | Nasogastric Tube: if patient is comatose

T | Time

K | K+ (Potassium)

F | Frequency: 3 times a Week

G | Glucose: Once Serum Levels Drop
U | Urea: Monitoring
F | Fluids: Crystalloids
C | Creatinine: Monitor & Catheterize

HYPER: Hot N’ Dry: Sugar High
HYPO: Cold N’ Clammy: Need Some Candy

CLEAR, CLOUDY, CLOUDY, CLEAR

CLEAR BEFORE CLOUDY
CLOUDY BEFORE CLEAR

RE-EXPLAIN

RE | REnal Failure
EX | EXogenous
P | Pituitary

TIRED

L | Liver Failure

T | Tachycardia

A | Alcohol

I | Irritability

I | Infection

R | Restlessness

N | Neoplasm

E | Excessive Hunger
D | Depression & Diaphoresis

DIAGNOSTICS/LABS
↓ TO ↑
ROME

Miss Piggy & Kermit Came Home On Cloud Nine

O | Opposite: pH ↓ & CO2 ↑ = ACIDOSIS; pH
↑ & CO2 ↓ = ALKALOSIS

Piggy | Phosphate: 2
...
5
&|

M | Metabolic (Acidosis & Alkalosis)

Kermit | K (Potassium): 3
...
5

E | Equal: pH ↓ & CO2 ↓ = ACIDOSIS; pH ↑ &

Came | Calcium: 8
...
5

R | Respiratory (Acidosis & Alkalosis)

CO2 ↑ = ALKALOSIS

Miss | Magnesium: 1
...
5

Home | HCO2: 22-26
On | Oxygen Saturation: 95%-100%

HELPR

H | Hemoglobin/Hematocrit

Cloud | Chloride: 95-104
Nine | Na (Sodium): 135-145

E | Erythrocytes (RBCs)
L | Leukocytes (WBCs)
P | Platelets
R | Reticulocytes/RBC Indices

Children’s bones grow stronger between ages
8 ½ - 10
This is a way to remember the range of normal
CALCIUM values in the blood serum

Unlike
H/H
(which
stands
for
hemoglobin/hematocrit), R/R is NOT a term
typically used to describe reticulocytes/RBC
indices…it’s just used for the purpose of this
mnemonic
...


Children’s age 3 ½ - 5 like to play with POTS
(ex: Making Mud Pies)
This is a way to remember the range of normal
POTASSIUM values in the blood serum

MIDNIT

M | Metabolic
I | Inflammatory
D | Degenerative
N | Neoplastic
I | Infectious
T | Trauma

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

N | Neutrophil: 50%-70%

L | Lymphocytes: 25%-35%
M | Monocytes: 4%-6%

For Medical Doctors, Doctors of Osteopathy
(DO), and mid-level providers (Nurse
Practitioners and Physician Assistants)
...
)

E | Eosinophil: 1%-3%
B | Basophils: 0
...

Memory Trick: “When you’re STRESSED, you
eat too much SUGAR and you get SICK”
S2 | Salt: Mineralocorticoids =
Fluid/Electrolyte balance and BP
Memory Trick: “You drink MINERAL water in
order to stay hydrated and keep your
ELECTROLYTES and BP balanced”

GET SMASH’D

G | Gallstones
E | Ethanol
T | Trauma
S | Steroids
M | Mumps
A | Autoimmune (PAN)
S | Scorpion Bites
H | Hyperlipidemia

S3 | Sex: Androgens (Testosterone &
Estrogen) = Sex Drive/Development
Memory Trick: “ANDROGEN + ESTROGEN =

D | Drugs: Azathioprine & Diuretics

Drives SEX, which is how human are
developed”

CUSHING

’
CUSHING

C | Central Obesity/Moon Face
U | Urine High in Cortisol & Glucose
S | Skin Changes
H | Hyperglycemia, Hypernatremia,
Hypertension, Hirsutism

’
C | Central Obesity & Moon Face
U | Urinary Levels of free cortisol &
Glucose increased
S | Suppressed Immunity, Skin Changes
(Skin thin, striae)
H | Hypercortisolism, Hyperglycemia,
Hypercholesterolemia, Hypernatremia,
Hypertension, Hirsutism

I | Infections

I | Infections, Iatrogenic Cause: Excessive
use of Corticosteroids

N | Neoplasms observed in MRI

N | Non-Iatrogenic Cause: Neoplasms

G | Gynecomastia

G | Gynecomastia, Glucose Intolerance,
Growth Delay, Growth of Hair

FUNDAMENTALS
BATTED

TED BUG

A | Ambulation

E | Eating

T | Toiletry

D | Dressing

T | Transfer

B | Bathing

E | Eating

U | Urinary/Fecal Continence

D | Dressing

G | Grooming

RANDI

COAL

B | Bathing

R | Razor blades & Electric Blades

T | Transferring

C | Cane

A | Anticoagulants/Aspirin: Don’t give them

O | Opposite

Contraindicated

A | Affected

N | Needles: Particularly smaller gauges
(which are larger in diameter)

L | Leg

D | Decrease number of needle sticks
(Example: Mix 2 insulin types in one syringe, if
compatible, for only one stick)

I | Injury Risk Prevention (Use of Assistive
Ambulatory Devices, Remove Floor Rugs from
Home, Reduce Clutter, Clear Hallways)

HACH (Reasons for Need)

C1 | Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
C2 | Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
C3 | Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
C4 | Cardiovascular Accident (CVA): Brain
Attack or Stroke

HACH (Reasons for Need)

H | Heparin
A | Anemic (Severe)
C | Coumadin (Generic Name: Warfarin)
H | Hyperglycemia, Hypernatremia,

DETERMINING INTERVENTIONS: THE 3 C’s

C1 | Collaboration: Between
Interdisciplinary Team (IDT) members
C2 | Cooperation: Patient must agree
C3 | Compromise: Between RN & MD, PX
& IDT

I TIRED or I TRIED

I | I/O of Urine
T | Take Blood Pressure
I | Ischemia Attack, Transient (TIAs):
Monitor for signs
R | Respiration/Pulse monitoring
E | Electrolytes (Obtain orders for blood
work & monitor values) and Edema (Sign of
Fluid Overload)
D | Daily Weight (Same time in Morning
and Same Scale and Similar weight of
clothes)

ABCDE

A | Assess & Ask about Pain

PQRST

P | Provokes: What provokes the pain?

B | Believe the pain description of patient

Q | Quality: What is the quality of pain?

C | Choices: Inform patient of their option
for pain relief

R | Radiate: Does the pain radiate?

D | Deliver Therapeutic Interventions

T | Timing: What is the timing
(Onset/Duration) of pain?

E | Empower & Enable the patient to have
pain control

S | Severity: What is the scale (0-10) of pain?

SCUUMM

S | Shopping

FACT

F | Frequency

C | Cooking

A | Amount

U | Using the Telephone

C | Color & Consistency

U | Using Transportation

T | Timing

M | Money Management
M | Medication Management

Wandering Wilma’s Always Late

W | Walking
W | With
A | Affected
L | Leg

GASTROINTESTINAL
APPENDICITIS

ABCS

A | Appendicitis or Abscess

A | Abdominal Distension

P | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) or
Period

B | Bloating

P | Pancreatitis

C | Constipation & Diarrhea (Alternating
Cycles)

E | Ectopic Pregnancy or Endometriosis

S | Stools with Mucus

N | Neoplasia
D | Diverticulitis
I | Intussusception

T | Torsion (Ovary)

C | Crohn’s Disease or Cyst (Ovarian)

I | Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

I | Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

S | Stones, Kidney (Renal Calculi)

HEPATOBILIARY (Liver/Gallbladder)
RISK FACTORS: THE 5 F’s

Appearance Upon Diagnostic Imaging:
PP and CC

F1 | Fat: BMI>30

F2 | Female: Gender prevalent
F3 | Forties (40 y/o or above)
F4 | Fertile: OB/GYN history of one or
more children
F5 | Fair: More frequent in Caucasians

PP | Portal Venous Gas: Peripheral

CC | Common Bile Duct Gas: Central

ABCDE

A | Ascites
B | Bleeding (Hematemesis, Piles)
C | Caput Medusa
D | Diminished Liver
E | Enlarged Spleen

HOME HEALTH/HOSPICE

BREAKS

B | Background
R | Rapport
E | Explore
A | Announce
K | Kindling
S | Summarize

SPIKES

S | Set up the Interview
P | Perception Assessment
I | Invitation
K | Knowledge and Information
E | Emotions and Empathy
S | Strategize and Summarize

CAME (Role)

C | Clinician: Provides for patient assessment
and problem solving via nursing interventions
A | Advocate: Works to protect the rights of the
patient and deals with issues such as insurance
negotiation
M | Manager: Manages home health care cases,
including distribution of staff support, resources
(supplies, equipment), and paperwork for
reimbursement of services (OASIS forms and
more)
E | Educator: Educating patients in the home
setting is crucial the hospital environment may
not permit adequate time for thorough teaching

IMMUNOLOGY
ACID

5 W’s

A | Anaphylaxis

W1 | Winds: Pneumonia & Atelectasis

C | Cytotoxic Mediated
I | Immune Complex Mediated
D | Delayed Hypersensitivity

W2 | Wound: Wound & Surgical Incision Site
Infections
W3 | Water: Urinary Tract Infection
W4 | Walking: Deep Vein Thrombosis &
Pulmonary Embolus
W5 | Wonder-Drugs: Especially Anesthetics

MUSCOLOSKELETAL
PRICE

P | Anaphylaxis

TRACTION

R | Cytotoxic Mediated

T | Temperature of Extremity is assessed for
Signs of Infection

I | Immune Complex Mediated

R | Ropes hang freely

C | Delayed Hypersensitivity

A | Alignment of body and Injured Area

E | Delayed Hypersensitivity

C | Circulation Check
T | Type and Location of Fracture
I | Increase Fluid Intake

5 P’s

P1 | Pain
P2 | Pulse
P3 | Paresthesia
P4 | Paralysis
P5 | Pallor

O | Overhead Trapeze
N | No weights on Bed or Floor

NEUROLOGICAL
Stress VS Peace

STRESS: SYMPATHETIC: Fight or Flight
PEACE: PARASYMPATHETIC: Rest & Digest

SLUD

S | Salivation
L | Lacrimation
U | Urination
D | Defecation

HYPER-BRADY-BRADY

HYPERTENSION
BRADYCARDIA
BRADYPNEA

DEMENTIA

D | Diabetes
E | Ethanol

’
HUNT 4 DATE

HUNTington’s on Chromosome 4
With cauDATE Nucleus Involvement

M | Medication
E | Environmental (EX: Lead Poisoning)
N | Nutritional
T | Trauma
I | Infection & Sepsis

Eat Some Steak (ESS)

A | Alzheimer’s disease

E | Epidural Space: Located between the
Dura Matter & the Skull
S | Subdural Space: Located between the
Arachnoid Membrane and Dura Matter
S | Subarachnoid Space: Located between
the Arachnoid Membrane and Pia Matter

Delirium is has a rapid onset and is temporary
while dementia is progressive and often
secondary to chronic neurological disorders
such as Alzheimer’s disease
...
)

I | Indomethacin (NSAID)
N | Nifedipine (Calcium Channel Blocker)

TORCH

T | Toxoplasmosis

M | Magnesium Sulphate

O | Other Viruses

T | Terbutaline (Adrenergenic Agonist)

R | Rubella
C | Cytomegalovirus
H | Hepatitis A and B

ONCOLOGY
CAUTION UP

ANT

C | Change in Bowel or Bladder

A | Abdominal Distension

A | A lesion that does not Heal

N | Bloating

U | Unusual Bleeding/Discharge

T | Constipation & Diarrhea (Alternating

T | Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
I | Indigestion/Difficulty in Swallowing
O | Obvious appearance changes in mole
or wart

N | Nagging Cough/Persistent Hoarseness
U | Unexplained Weight Loss
P | Pernicious Anemia

PEDIATRIC
’
5 C’s

C1 | Cow’s Milk (Lactose) Intolerance

DOWN

C2 | Celiac Disease

D | Decreased Alphafetoprotein and
Unconjugated Estriol

C3 | Colitis (Ulcerative)

O | One Extra Chromosome (21)

C4 | Cystic Fibrosis

W | Women over 40

C5 | Crohn’s disease

N | Nondisjunction during Material Meiosis

’
CHILD HAS PROBLEM

FINES

H | Hypotonia and hypothyroidism

I | Inspiratory Stridor

I | Increased gap between 1st and 2nd toe

N | Nares Flaring

L | Lung issues and leukemia risks x 2

E | Expiratory Grunting

D | Delayed development and duodenal
atresia

S | Sternal Retractions

C | Congenital heart disease and cataracts

F | Feeding Difficulty

H | Hirschsprung’s disease and hearing loss
A | Alzheimer’s disease
S | Slanted eyes, short limbs, and short neck

6 S’s

S1 | Streptococci Causal Organism

P | Protruding tongue and palmar crease

S2 | Sore Throat

R | Round face and rolling eye or
nystagmus

S3 | Swollen Tonsils
S4 | Strawberry Tongue

O | Occiput flat and oblique eye fissure

S5 | Sandpaper Rash

B | Brushfield spot and brachycephaly

S6 | Sudamina (Military) Vesicles: Over
Hands, Feet, Abdomen

L | Low nasal bridge and language problem
E | Epicanthic fold and ear folded
M | Mental retardation and myoclonus

HOPS

H | Hydration via IV Normal Saline
Solution
O | Oxygen Supplementation
P | Pain Management
S | Soothe (Stay Calm)

PHARMACOLOGY
PMDRTD

DR TIMED

M | RIGHT Medication

R | RIGHT Route

D | RIGHT Dose

T | RIGHT Time

R | RIGHT Route

I | RIGHT Individual

T | RIGHT Time

M | RIGHT Medication

D | RIGHT Documentation

E | RIGHT Expiration Date

P | RIGHT Patient

D | RIGHT Dose

D | RIGHT Documentation
ABC

A | ACE Inhibitors

Some students are taught to include “right
effect” as well: the expected outcomes of
treatment

B | Beta Blockers (LOLs)
C | Calcium Channel Blockers
6 S’s

T | Terbutaline
IDEA

O | Orciprenaline

I | Isoproterenol

A | Adrenaline

D | Dopamine

S | Salbutamol

E | Epinephrine

I | Isoprenaline

A | Atropine

S | Salmeterol

Think of Idea = Light bulb = Energy =
Increasing speed of heart to treat
bradycardia

Shut UP and BUTT OUT (or OUCH!)

Location | The UPper OUTer quadrant of
the BUTTock (gluteus muscle)
These Drugs Can Interact (TDCI)

T | Theophyline
D | Dilantin

Rationale | Or ouch! = This technique
avoids hitting the sciatic nerve

C | Coumadin
I | Ionone (Erythromycin)

SAMS

S | Seizures
A | Altered Central Nervous System
M | Muscle Twitching
S | Slurred Speech

NSAIDS

PERIS

N | Naproxen
S | Salicylates (Aspirin)
A | Acetaminophen (Tylenol) & Allopurinol
(for Gouty Arthritis)
I | Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
D | Diclofenac
S | Sulinclac

P | Pyrazinamide (Rolab-Pyrazinamide,
Pyrazide, Rozide, Isopas)

RIPES

R | Rifampicin: Red-orange secretions & urine
I | Isoniazid: Peripheral neuritis
P | Pyrazinamide: Increased uric acid
E | Ethambutol: Visual problems
S | Streptomycin: Ototoxic

E | Ethambutol (Puerderal, Rolab-Ethambutol)
R | Rifampin (Rifacap 150, Rifacap 450,
Rimactane 600, Rifinah 300)
I | Isoniazid (Lennon-Isoniazid, Be-tabs
Isoniazid, Norstan-Isoniazid)
S | Streptomycin (Aminoglycoside:
Streptomycin, Streptomycin Sulfate or
Streptomycin Nitrate

PSYCHOLOGY/MENTAL HEALTH
CAGES

C | Cut back: Has anyone ever suggested that
you cut back on drinking?
A | Annoyed: Has anyone ever expressed being
annoyed at your drinking habits?
G | Guilt: Do you ever feel guilty about your
drinking?
E | Eye opener: Do you ever feel the urge to
have a morning drink (referred to as an “eye
opener”)?
S | Shakes: Do you ever experience “The
Shakes” when you don’t have a drink? (More
common in the morning)

DIM TOP

D | Drugs: Prescription, illicit, accidental
overdose, and toxicity of unknown origin
I | Infections: Meningitis, encephalitis, sepsis,
urinary tract infections, and others
M | Metabolic: Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia,
& other imbalances
T | Trauma: Head, c-spine, and blood loss
O | Oxygen deficit: CNS hypoxia, metabolic
P | Psychological: Diagnosis of exclusion

CAPS

C | Concentration impaired or decreased
A | Appetite changes
P | Psychomotor function decreased
S | Suicidal ideations and sleep disturbances

DIG FAST

SIGN

D | Distractibility

S | Sleep Disturbances

I | Indiscretion, Impatience, & Irritability

I | Interest Decreased

G | Grandiosity

G | Guilty Feelings

F | Flight of Ideas and Energy

N | No Energy

A | Activity Increase
S | Sleep Deficit/Sexually Hypoactive
T | Talkative-Excessively

Worry WARTS

W | Wound Up
W | Worn-Out

SIG E CAPS

A | Absentmindedness

S | Suicidal Thoughts

R | Restless

I | Interest Decreased

T | Touchy (increased emotional sensitivity)

G | Guilt

S | Sleepless

E | Energy Decreased
C | Concentration Decreased
A | Appetite Disturbance
P | Psychomotor Changes
S | Sleep Disturbances

OARS

O | Open-ended Questions
A | Affirmations
R | Reflections
S | Summaries

Always Send Mail Through Post Office

A | Appearance
S | Speech

IS PATH WARM?

M | Mood & Memory

I | Ideation

T | Thoughts

S | Substance Abuse

P | Perceptions

P | Purposelessness

O | Orientation

A | Anxiety
T | Trapped
H | Hopelessness

4 A’s

A1 | Affect
A2 | Ambivalence
A3 | Associative Looseness
A4 | Autism (autistic-like behavior; including
limited affection/difficulty making interpersonal
connections with others)

W | Withdrawal
A | Anger
R | Recklessness
M | Mood Changes

PUBLIC/COMMUNITY HEALTH
WEB

BEINGS

W | Web of Causation Epidemiological
Health Model

B | Biological and behavioral factors

E | Epidemiological Triangle Health Model

I | Immunological factors

B | BEINGS Epidemiological Health Model

N | Nutritional factors

E | Environmental factors

G | Genetic factors
S | Services, social factors, and spiritual
factors

RENAL (KIDNEY)
AEIOU

A | Acid Base Imbalance
E | Electrolyte Imbalances
I | Intoxication
O | Overload of Fluids
U | Uremic Symptoms

RENAL (KIDNEY)
CHEAT

ACHES P

H | Headaches

C | Chest pain

E | Eye problems

H | Headache

A | Acne/Abdominal pain

E | Eye problems

T | Thrombi: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
and pulmonary embolism (PE)

S | Severe leg pain (DVT)

C | Chest pain

A | Abdominal pain

P | Pulmonary embolism

PAINS

P | Period irregularities: Too much/little/
sporadic (late, spotting, heavy bleeding)
A | Abdominal pain/dyspareunia (painful
intercourse)
I | Infection: Pelvic- abnormal vaginal
discharge
N | Not feeling well: Fever or chills
S | String missing (inspected for once/month
by patient)

RESPIRATORY
ASTHMA

A | Adrenergics: Albuterol and other
bronchodilators
S | Steroids
T | Theophylline
H | Hydration: Intravenous fluids
M | Mask: Oxygen therapy
A | Antibiotics (for associated respiratory
infections)

RAT (Early Signs) BED (Late Signs)

R | Restlessness
A | Anxiety

T | Tachycardia and tachypnea
B | Bradycardia
E | Extreme restlessness/passed out
D | Dyspnea

6 P’s

P1 | Pump failure
P2 | Pulmonary embolus
P3 | Pulmonary bronchial constriction
P4 | Possible obstruction from a foreign
body
P5 | Pneumonia
P6 | Pneumothorax

AIR RAID

A | Airway Closed
I | Increased Pulse
R | Restlessness
R | Retractions
A | Anxiety Increased
I | Inspiratory Stridor
D | Drooling

P-THORAX

STOP

P | Pleuretic pain (pain in the actual lungsnot cardiac chest pain)

S | Sedatives and hypnotics

T | Trachea deviation
H | Hyperresonance

O | Opiates: Examples- Oxycodone,
hydrocodone, morphine

O | Onset sudden

P | Polymyxins

T | Trimethoprim

R | Reduced breath sounds (& dyspnea)
A | Absent fremitus
X | X-ray shows collapsed lung

URINARY
DASP

DIAPERS

WISE (Obstructive) FUN (Irritative)

FAE SIGN

W | Weak urinary stream

F | Family History

I | Intermittent flow

A | Androgens

S | Straining to urinate

E | Estrogens

E | Emptying incomplete

S | Stromal-epithelial interactions

F | Frequency (>8 times in 24 hrs)

I | Inflammation

U | Urgency (the strong need to urinate
immediately)

G | Growth factors

D | Description of urine: color, clarity,
sediments, odor
A | Amount of urine: measured in milliliters
(mLs)
S | Size of catheter: the diameter of the tubing
P | Procedure performed: example- placement
of a new foley, foley care, or foley removal

N | Nocturia (frequency of urination at
night)

D | Delirium
I | Infection
A | Atrophic urethra
P | Pharmaceuticals and psychological
E | Excess urine output
R | Restricted mobility
S | Stool impaction

N | Neurotransmitters

SHITRR

MIMIC D’ PAIN

S | Stones (recurrent)
H | Hematuria (recurrent)
I | Infections (reoccurring)
T | Therapeutic failure of meds
R | Retention (failed TOV)
R | Renal insufficiency

M | Multi-factorial
I | Intraductal reflux
M | Microbiologic cause
I | Immunologic alteration
C | Chemical-induced inflammation
D| Dysfunctional voiding
P | Psychological cause

CAT PUBES

C | Catheter

A | Altered prostatic host defenses
(CATPUBES)

A | Anal sex (unprotected)

I | IC-like cause

T | TURP

N | Neural dysregulation

P | Phimosis
U | UTIs
B | Blood groups
E | Epididymitis (acute)
S | Secretory dysfunction

STROKE
10 P’s

FAST

heart can cause/complicate stroke
...

Brain receives systolic pressure)

F | Face
S | Speech
T | Time

P3 | Perfusate (blood in the brain must have
enough volume, oxygen, and glucose + good
consistency

---