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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1 LABORATORY
Name _______________________________
Group No
...
1
TITLE: SOIL SAMPLING AND PREPARATION FOR TEST
OBJECTIVE:
LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS:
1
...
soil auger
3
...
water-tight sample containers
5
...
stack of sieves
7
...
rubber-cover pestle
9
...
For easier boring and for better quality of soil sample, first clear the area where the
sample is to be obtained
...
With the use of soil auger, bore thru the soil up to the desired depth and obtain a
disturbed sample
...
Each type and depth or thickness of soil strata encountered must be noted
...
Should it be desired to obtain an undisturbed sample, a large hole is dug but the middle
portion of the hole is kept intact
...
Trim the middle portion to exact size then cover with wax or paraffin
...
Place the sample I a container and to ensure water tightness, seal the sides of the cover
with wax or paraffin
...
Label each container and store in a cold place
...
____________________________
Location: _____________________________________
Sample No
...
________________________
Depth of sample from surface: _________________
Description of soil: __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Remarks:
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
The above data or information shall also be kept for filling purposes
...
Air-dry or oven dry (max
...
2
...
3
...
GENERAL DATA:
TEST
TYPE
OF
SAMPLE
Grain
size Passing thru
Analysis
#10
oven
dried
Atterberg
Passing thru
Limits
#40
disturbed not
dried
Specific
Disturbed
Gravity
Passing thru
#10
Compaction Disturbed
not dried
Consolidatio Undisturbed
n
Tri-Axial
Shear
Unconfined
Compression
WEIGHT
SAMPLE
400 gm
OF HEIGHT,
mm
DIAMETER
mm
NUMBER
REQUIRED
50
70
1
Undisturbed
100-175
50-90
3-5
Undisturbed
100-175
50-90
2
250 gm
100 gm
11 kgs
PROCEDURE: Preparation of undisturbed soil sample for test
1
...
2
...
3
...
PRECAUSIONS:
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
DRAWING OF APPARATUS:
GENERAL DISCUSSION:
Sampling, whether of disturbed or undisturbed soil, has to be done correctly to be able to
obtain soil properties soil properties and structure accurately
...
A disturbed sample may not give as accurate properties of soil as what an undisturbed soil gives
but extreme care must be taken in obtaining, preparing and obtaining it for proper classification
and determination of its suitability for any given job
...
_________
Course/Year ___________
Laboratory work no
...
OBJECTIVE:
LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS:
1
...
Candle
2
...
graduated cylinder
3
...
spatula
4
...
Weigh a moisture can including the cover
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
The difference between the weight of wet soil +
container and the weight of dry soil + container and the weight of container is the
weight of soil solids Ws and
Ww
W= ------------ x 100%
Ws
Unit weight, Void ratio, Porosity, and Degree of Saturation
1
...
2
...
10 gms
...
Cover with a thin coating or wax and reweigh
...
Note that the specific gravity of paraffin is the total weight of
the specimen
...
Determine the volume of the specimen with coating by immersing it in water in
the graduate cylinder
...
5
...
6
...
GENERAL DATA:
WATER CONTENT DETERMINE
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER + WET SOIL
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER + DRY SOIL
WEIGHT OF WATER, Ww
WEIGHT OF DRY SOIL, Ws
WATER CONTENT, w
TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
Unit weight:
Volume by Measurement
Volume by Immersion
Length of sample (cm)________________
Weight of sample (gm)__________________
Diameter of sample (cm)______________
Wt
...
It is a part of other more elaborate
tests such as the compaction test, the determination of liquids, plastic and shrinkage limits, the
field density test, etc
...
The unit weight is determined from representative undisturbed soil samples
...
REMARKS AND CONCLUSION:
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1 LABORATORY
Name _______________________________
Date _________________
Group No
...
3
TITLE: MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL
OBJECTIVE:
LIST OF EQUIPMENTS AND APPARATUS:
1
...
sieve shaker
2
...
soil pan
3
...
spatula
4
...
hand shovel
PROCEDURE:
1
...
The sample
must be well pulverized using the mortar impresser or mechanical soil pulverizer
...
Place the stack of sieves in a mechanical sieve shaker
...
2
...
3
...
Get percentage of
loss
...
Compute the percentage retained in each sieve by the original sample weight
...
5
...
GENERAL DATA:
Original weight of Soil Sample ____________________________
Weight of Sample _______________________________________
Weight of Pan with Soil ___________________________________
GENERAL DISCUSSIONS
A soil material maybe divided into fractions according to the size of its consistent particles
...
A good mechanical analysis is not equally valuable
in different branches of engineering
...
Data from mechanical analysis generally are only illustrative; other soil
properties such as compression or shearing resistance are of importance
...
In practice important
mechanical property distinctions and differences develop as soil grain sizes approximate those
at which the chemical and physical properties are also separated
...
Consequently, it is of interest to determine in any given soil sample the proportions of
relatively finer materials present
...
The classifications of soil size distribution are accomplished by setting up a stack
of sieves in which sieve is a set above a second one whose opening is commonly half the size of
opening of the first
...
The range of size varies perhaps
by ¾ size openings
...
With a known weight of sieves, the nest is shaken vigorously
for 10 to 15 minutes
...
The soil
in any sieve is the size resisting upon it
...
In the case of the finer particles, they are separated by the method of wet analysis, which
is principally based on the speed of sedimentation
...
Other methods are the pipette and elutriation method, which will not
be discussed here
...
_________
Date _________________
Course/Year ___________
Laboratory work No
...
Liquid limit device with grooving tool
2
...
Plastic limit plate
4
...
Balance sensitive to 0
...
Sieve no
...
Soil pan
PROCEDURE:
1
...
Be sure
to discard the residue remaining in the sieve into waste cans, as this material is no longer
representative of the soil from the field site
...
In the interest of the student’ s laboratory time, do
not presoak the sample prior to performing the test
...
Next, each group will check the height of fall of the liquid limit machine it will use for a
fall of exactly 1 cm
...
Calibration block on the end of the grooving tool for
making the adjustment
...
If the height of the fall is not calibrated within this
limits a water content error of several percent maybe introduced
...
Place a 250 gm
...
Another major source of error is poor mixing of
the soil water mixture
...
Continue to add
small amounts of water and mix the mass to a uniform color each time
...
7 mm
...
Now
add more water and mix to a uniform color until you have the soil to a consistency that
will yield a blow count of from 30 to 40 blows to close the standard groove 12
...
4
...
Smooth the surface of the soil or pat carefully and using the grooving tool, cut
a clean, straight groove that completely separates the soil pat into two parts
...
After making the groove, quickly attach the cup to the device and make the blow
count
...
Other test errors will also do
this, however
...
Take a moisture sample in the pre-weighed moisture can (as large as possible and of
about 40 grams), being sure to take the water content of the sample from the closed
part of the groove
...
Remove the remainder of soil from the brass cup and return it to the
porcelain dish
...
Add a small amount of water to the porcelain
dish of soil, and carefully mix to a uniform color and consistency to yield a blow count
of between 25 to 30+ blows
...
6
...
Be sure to clean the brass cup after each test and carefully dry it
...
Do
not leave the soil in the brass cup for a long period of time
...
7
...
It is obvious now that
the addition of water in the blow count sequence is done in this manner so that the soil
is well mixed
...
It is difficult to the novice to predict the blow count or
say 35 and then water is added, it is reasonable to expect the next test to yield a blow
count of 18, how much dry soil does one add to get a blow count of 22 to 24? The
wetter the soil the more nearly it will act as a viscous liquid
...
The next step is to determine the plastic limit
...
1
...
“peanut” of soil set aside earlier into several smaller samples
...
Roll the soil between the fingers in a glass plate or on a piece of paper lying on a
smooth surface with sufficient pressure to form a diameter thread using about 80 to 90
rolling strokes per minute (forward and back = 1 stroke)
...
(1/8 in
...
Re-form into a ball
and re-roll
...
If the
thread crumbles at a diameter of 3mm
...
Thread failure
maybe defined as:
a
...
) With the outer tubular (hollow roll) layer that split from ends inward
c
...
long (for heavy clays)
Do not produce a failure by allowing thread to reach 3 mm
...
Exception is with soils approaching
nonplasticity; this initial ball may be shaped close to 3mm
...
3
...
4
...
GENERAL DATA:
Liquid Limit Determination
Can No
...
of wet soil + can
Wt
...
of can
Wt
...
of moisture
Water content, w = w1
No
...
Wt
...
of dry soil + can
Wt
...
of dry soil
Wt
...
Atterberg, a Swedish agricultural scientist
...
Cohesion limit – that moisture content at which soil crumbs just stick together
...
Sticky Limit – that moisture content at which soil just sticks to a metal surface such
as a spatula blade
...
3
...
The method of determining this moisture content is presented
in Laboratory Work No
...
4
...
5
...
The liquid
and plastic limits have been widely used all over the world, primarily for soil
identification and classification
...
The potential volume-change can often be detected from the liquid and
plastic limit tests
...
The cohesion and sticky limits are used very little worldwide
...
The relative locations of the shrinkage limit, plastic limit and liquid limit, are shown on
the water content scale as follows
...
Note
that the Ws location may vary for some soils to the right
...
Will undergo a groove closure
of 12
...
when dropped 25 times
...
7mm, including:
1
...
rate of blows (should be 120 rpm)
3
...
4
...
5
...
Accuracy of height of fall calibration(should be exactly 1 cm
...
Type of grooving tool
8
...
)
The plastic limit has been arbitrarily defined as the water content of the soil at which a
thread just crumbles when it is rolled down to diameter of 3mm
...
The diameter
can be displayed in the laboratory using wire or welding rods for a visual comparison
...
REMARKS AND CONCLUSION:
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1 LABORATORY
Name _______________________________
Group No
...
5
TITLE: DETERMINATION OF SHRINKAGE LIMIT OF SOIL
OBJECTIVE:
LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS:
1
...
spatula
3
...
straight edge
5
...
6
...
Balance sensitive to 0
...
Drying oven
9
...
Mercury
11
...
The sample shall be placed in the evaporating dish and
thoroughly mixed with distilled water in an amount sufficient to fill the soil voids completely and
to make the soil pasty enough to be readily worked into the shrinkage dish without the inclusion
of air bubbles
...
The inside of the shrinkage dish shall be coated with vaseline or some other heavy grease
to prevent the adhesion of the soil to the dish
...
An amount of soil shall be added approximately equal to the first portion, and the dish
tapped until the soil is thoroughly compacted and all included air has been brought to the
surface
...
The soil pat shall be allowed to dry in air until the
color of the pat turns from dark to light
...
The volume of the empty dish shall be determined by filling the dish to overflowing mercury,
removing the excess by pressing a glass plate firmly over the top of the dish, and measuring the
volume of the mercury held in the dish by means of a graduated cylinder
...
The volume of the dry soil pat shall be determined
by removing the pat from the shrinkage dish and immersing it in the glass cup full of mercury in
the following manner
...
Any mercury
which would e adhering to the outside of the cap shall be carefully wiped off
...
It shall then be carefully forced under the mercury by means of the glass plate
with 3 prongs and the plate shall be placed firmly over the top of the cap
...
The volume of the mercury so displaced shall be measured in
the graduated cylinder and recorded as the volume of the dry soil pat, Vd
...
Thus:
S
=
where:
S
w
V
Vd
( V - Vd)
--------------- x
Vd
=
=
=
=
100%
shrinkage limit
moisture content
volume of wet soil pat
volume of dry soil pat
Optional Method: When both the true specific gravity, G and the shrinkage ratio, R are known,
the shrinkage limit may be calculated as:
S
=
1
( ------ R
1
----- )
G
x
100%
Shrinkage Ratio:
The shrinkage ratio of a soil is the ratio between a given volume change expressed as a
percentage of the dry volume and the corresponding change in moisture content above the
shrinkage limit, expressed as the percentage of the weight of the oven-dried soil
...
The volumetric change shall be calculated from the data
obtained in the volumetric shrinkage determination by the following formula:
Volumetric Change =
where:
w
S
R
=
=
=
(w - S)R
given moisture content
shrinkage limit
shrinkage ratio
Lineal Shrinkage:
The lineal shrinkage of a soil for a given moisture content is the decrease in one dimension
expressed as a percentage of the original dimension of the soil mass when the moisture
equivalent is reduced from the amount equal to the field moisture equivalent or liquid limit to the
shrinkage limit
...
GENERAL DATA:
__________________________________________________________________________________
Weight of dish
__________________________________________________________________________________
Weight of dish and wet soil
__________________________________________________________________________________
Weight of dish and dry soil
__________________________________________________________________________________
Weight of water
__________________________________________________________________________________
Volume of wet soil, V
__________________________________________________________________________________
Volume of dry soil, Vd
__________________________________________________________________________________
Moisture content
__________________________________________________________________________________
Shrinkage limit
__________________________________________________________________________________
Shrinkage Ratio
__________________________________________________________________________________
Volumetric Change
__________________________________________________________________________________
COMPUTATIONS:
DRAWING OF APPARATUS:
GENERAL DISCUSSIONS:
Soil which undergo large volume changes in water content maybe troublesome if used for
highway or railroad fills or if structural foundations are placed on them
...
The liquid and plastic limits may be used to predict potential trouble in soils due to changes
made in volume
...
This test begins with a given volume of fully saturated soil (preferably but not necessary) at
a water content above the liquid limit
...
It is assumed during drying that down to a
certain limiting value of water content, no further change in volume occurs with loss of pore
water
...
Physically, this means that any moisture changes below the shrinkage limit do not cause
volume changes in the soil
...
REMARKS AND CONCLUSION:
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1 LABORATORY
Name _______________________________
Date _________________
Group No
...
6
TITLE: Field Density Test of Soil
OBJECTIVE:
LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS:
1
...
3
...
5
...
7
...
9
...
The density for the dry sample to be used
will be determined as follows:
1
...
2
...
The weight of the container filled with water minus the
weight when empty gives the weight of water
...
Measure
=
Wt
...
The volumetric measure shall be filled with the sand by pouring the sand through a
funnel spout at a constant height above the deposited sand in order to maintain a
uniform density from the bottom to the top of the container
...
Density shall
be computed as follows:
Density of sand
=
Wt
...
Of measure
The above operation shall be repeated 4 or 5 times and the average unit weight is
determined
...
A minimum amount of
the surface soil shall be removed in this operation
...
Care shall be taken to keep the sides of the hole vertical without the side wall
material
...
A small sample shall be
taken and placed in a watertight container for moisture content determination upon
returning to the laboratory
...
All excess should be returned to the sand container
...
The sand may be removed from the test hole if it is
clean for further use
...
This is facilitated by clear
specifications which leave the contractor know doubt about the standards of work expected
...
To determine the field unit weight of fill a number of tests are in use
...
The
volume f the hole is measured for example by filling it with a uniform sand, the unit weight of which
is known to very between very narrow limits when poured loosely into a hole
...
In cohesive fills, a very rapid method of volume determination
is the submergence of a lump of soil in oil or mercury
...
The density apparatus consist of a base plate, a metal funnel and a gallon jar
...
The unit weight of this sand
when poured loosely in the container may not be more than 1%
...
A hole with
the same diameter as the cone is dug by hand and the excavated material weight immediately,
and a sample is preserved in a moisture tight container for a moisture content determination
...
The field potion of the test provides only the wet unit weight of the fill, and the moisture
content must be determined before the dry unit weight can be calculated
...
Rapid method for moisture content determination therefore have been developed;
they feature radiant heat and alcohol, carbide and other hydroscopic admixtures for the rapid
removal and measurement of soil mixture
...
Since larger stones are removed from the fill for the laboratory compaction test, the effect
of stone content in the field density must be taken into account
...
A more practical approach is to exclude the stones from the
volume and weight measurement in the field thus confining the control figures to the soil matrix
...
_________
Date _________________
Course/Year ___________
Laboratory Work no
...
Pycnometer volumetric flask or a stoppered bottle with a capacity of at least 100 ml
...
Balance sensitive to 0
...
3
...
Other standard
5
...
Burner or hot plate
7
...
Dissector and other
PROCEDURE:
This method is test intended foe determining the specific gravity of the soil by means of
pycnometer
...
When the soil is composed of particles both larger and smaller than #4 sieve as the
appropriate shall be weighed, average of the two values of the specific gravity is to be used in
the calculation in connection with the hydrometer portion of standard method of mechanical
analyze of soil
...
Pycnometer Calibration:
In the specific gravity determination, the weight of the pycnometer filled with a definite quantity
of distilled water at the test temperature is needed
...
It is obtained from the
calibration curve, which is plot of the concurrent temperature and weight of pycnometer filled
with water measurements
...
1
...
2
...
If a flak is used, the bottom of the meniscus
should beat the calibration mark
...
Dry the outside surface of the pycnometer, and inside of the neck above the
calibration mark of a volumetric flask
...
Weigh the pycnometer with water to 0
...
5
...
01 oC with the thermometer inserted to a
fixed depth
...
6
...
Before the concurrent
measurements are made, the excess water due to heating should be carefully
removed and the pycnometer should be dried as in test 3
...
Draw the calibration curve by plotting temperature against weight in arithmetic scale
...
The
sample may be tested at its natural water content or is oven dried
...
If it is tested at natural water content, the oven-dry
weight Ws shall be dispersed in distilled water before testing with the use of the special dispersing
apparatus specified in the hydrometer test
...
If the soil is cohesive, it
shall be soaked in distilled water for at least 12 hours
...
Transfer carefully the sample to the calibrated pycnometer and add distilled water until
about ½ full
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
6
...
01 grams and record as Wb
...
Record temperature of contents to 0
...
COMPUTAIONS:
Gt (Ws)
Gs = ---------------------------Ws + Wa -- Wb
Where:
Gs = specific gravity of soil solids
Specific gravity of water at temperature, x
Gt = -------------------------------------------------------------Specific gravity of water at temperature, 20 oC
Ws = weight of oven-dry sample
Wa = weight of pycnometer + water (from calibration curve)
Wb = weight of pycnometer and soil + water
X = temperature when Wb is obtained
TABLE ON SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF WATER AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES:
Temp
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
oC
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
GENERAL DATA:
Trial No
...
If numerical values are given in the discussion where it may not be clear to what
specific gravity is preferred, the magnitude of the values may indicate the correct usage since
the specific gravity of the soil grains may always be larger than the bulk specific gravity based on
inclusion of the sol voids in the computation (either full of air or full of water or party full of water)
...
If it is used in
the hydrometer analysis, and it is used to predict the unit weight of the soil mineral classification,
i
...
, iron mineral have a larger value of specific gravity than silica
...
Thus, f one is
considering only the soil grains, one obtains specific gravity Gs as:
Unit weight of soil solids
Gs
=
---------------------------------------Unit weight of water
The specific gravity of the material can also be computed using any ratio of weight of
substance to weight of water as long as equal volumes are involved
...
e
...
The volume weight of soil grains can
be obtained by using a containers of known volume and applying the Archimedes Principle ( that
a boy submerged in a volume of water will displace a volume of water equal to the volume of a
submerged body)
...
At temperatures above this value, it will be slightly more, if below 20 oC, it
will be slightly less
...
9999
...
0000
1
...
0000
1
...
0000
...
9999
...
9997
...
9994
...
9991
...
9988
...
9986
...
9982
...
9978
...
9973
...
9968
...
2963
...
2957
...
9951
...
9944
...
9937
...
9930
...
9922
...
9915
...
9907
...
9898
...
9890
...
9881
...
9872
...
9862
...
9852
...
9848
...
9832
...
9822
...
9811
...
9800
...
9989
...
9778
...
9767
...
9555
...
9743
...
9731
...
9718
...
9706
...
9695
...
9680
...
9667
...
9653
...
9640
...
9626
...
9612
...
9598
...
Wa (pycnometer + water)
Wb (pycnometer + water + soil)
X (temperature in oC)
Ws (Weight of dry soil)
Gt (specific gravity of water)
Gs (specific gravity of soil)
CALIBRATION CURVE
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1 LABORATORY
Name _______________________________
Date _________________
Group No
...
8
TITLE: PERMEABILITY TESTS OF SOIL
OBJECTIVE:
LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS:
1
...
Moisture content cans
2
...
Rubber tubing
3
...
oven
4
...
Graduated cylinder
5
...
Support frames and cans
6
...
caliper
7
...
Sieves
PROCEDURE:
1
...
2
...
The water content should be such that the mixture flows
freely to form layers
...
Remove the chamber cap and upper chamber from the unit by unscrewing the threeknurled cap nuts and lifting the units of the tie rods
...
4
...
5 cm so that a uniform layer is formed
...
Repeat the procedure
...
Fill the constant head container with water from the source to be used while testing
...
Allow the sample to saturate
...
6
...
Regulate the flow
of water into the constant head container such that the stable condition with flow from
both the overflow port and the chamber outflow line is achieved
...
Calculate the coefficient of permeability using the following equation:
k =
QL
--------------TxHxA
Where: Q
L
T
H
A
=
=
=
=
=
discharge
length of soil sample
time
hydraulic head difference
area of soil sample
PROCEDURE:
1
...
5 cm deep to within 1 inch of lower
chamber rim
...
2
...
Measure and
record the specimen length
...
Allow water to flow through the specimen until the constant flow condition is observed
...
Record the
height of water above the chamber outflow port, the date and time
...
4
...
Record the flow in ml the height of water column above the chamber
outflow port, and the data and time
...
Calculate the coefficient of permeability using the following equation:
2
...
There are other variables that affect flow rate through the soil
...
If the cross-section was doubled, twice the
flow rate over the range of the total head difference would be obtained
...
K is the constant of proportionality relating the flow quantity to other
parameters
...
However, a
fine-grained soil would give a small value for K, and a coarse grained soil, a large value
...
A constant as
defined includes in it the properties of viscosity and unit weight in Engineering usage, since we
concern ourselves on the flow of water alone, generally over a range of temperatures, in which
no significant variations in viscosity and unit weight occurs
...
We can see however,
that it is very difficult to describe a soil mathematically in this terms
...
However, it is safe to say further analytical point of view rests upon empirical proof
and the experimental determination of the value of K
...
GENERAL DATA:
Constant Head Test
Test No
H
T
(sec)
L
A
Q
K (cm/sec)
Falling Head Test
Test No
H1
H2
T (sec)
Q
K (cm/sec)
Diameter of mold =
Area of mold
=
Diameter of Standpipe
Area of standpipe =
Length of sample =
COMPUTATIONS:
DRAWING OF APPARATUS:
___________________________
___________________________
=
____________________
___________________________
___________________________
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 1 LABORATORY
Name _______________________________
Date _________________
Group No
...
9
TITLE: COMPACTION TEST
OBJECTIVE:
LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS:
1
...
moisture sprayer
3
...
4 sieve
4
...
scoop
6
...
Large mixing pan
8
...
Drying oven
10
...
Moisture cans
PROCEDURE:
1
...
01 lb
...
Obtain a 6 lb
...
Break sample
with the use of rubber pestle and pass through no
...
3
...
4 sieve
...
Press soil until it is smooth and compact it with specific no
...
5
...
6
...
7
...
Start trimming along
the center and work towards end of the mold
...
After the soil has been mad even with the top of the mold and all the base soil cleaned
from the outside, weight the cylinder and sample to 0
...
9
...
The water content sample should be made up with
specimens from the top, middle and bottom of the compacted soil
...
Break up by hand the soil removed from the cylinder and remix with original sample
and raise its water content by approximately 3% by adding water to the sample with
the sprayer
...
11
...
Use 3% approximate water
content
...
Wet density Determination
Weight if mold and wet soil
Weight of mold
Weight of wet soil
Wet density
Moisture determination
Weight of can + wet soil
Weight of can + dry soil
Weight of can
Weight of wet dry soil
Weight of water
Water content
Dry density
COMPUTATIONS:
DRAWING OF APPARATUS:
GENERAL DISCUSSIONS:
On structural earth fill projects, job specifications will indicate the soil density or degree of
compaction that must be achieved in order for the fill to be considered satisfactory
...
(Actually, moisture density tests ) performs on representative samples of soil to be use din the filling
operation
...
The most widely used procedure for moisture – density testing consists of compacting the
soil layers in a cylindrical mode by using a drop hammer
...
To establish the moisturedensity relationship for a soil, separate samples are each compacted at different water contents
...
The compacted dry density and water content for each trial is then
determined by weighing and drying the soil
...
This is caused by the variation in water content present during the compaction process
...
REMARKS AND CONCLUSION: