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ORAL ANATOMY
BASIC ORAL ANATOMY
Oral Cavity (mouth)
The entire oral cavity is lined with mucous membrane tissue
...
The vestibule is the space between the teeth and the inner mucosal lining of the lips and checks
...
The oral cavity proper is the space contained within the upper and lower dental arches
...
The term dentition is used to describe the natural teeth in the jawbones
...
Primary dentition is the first set of 20 primary teeth
...
Permanent dentition refers to the 32 secondary or teeth
...
Mixed dentition occurs when both primary and permanent teeth are present, usually between the
ages of 6 to 12
...
The maxillary arch (upper arch), actually part of the skull, is fixed and not capable of movement
...
8
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The mandible, the mandibular bone supports the teeth in the lower arch
...
When the maxillary and
mandibular arches are each divided into halves the resulting four sections are called quadrants,
as follows:
1
...
Maxillary left quadrant
3
...
Mandibular left quadrant
Directions of the Oral Cavity
Anterior means toward the front of the mouth
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Medial means toward the middle or toward the middle of the arch
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Mesial means toward the midfiline of the dental arch
...
Eruption & Exfoliation
Eruption is the movement of the tooth through th surrounding tissues so that more of the tooth
becomes visible in the mouth
...
Occlusion
Is the relationship of the mandibular and maxillary teeth when closed or during excursive
movements of the mandible; when the teeth of the mandibular arch come into contact with the
teeth of the maxillary arch in any functional relationship
...
The (3) three basic food processing functions of the teeth are cutting, holding, or grasping,
and grinding
...
Located in the front of the mouth, they are designed to cut food without the application of
heavy forces
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Canines, also known as cuspids, are located at the corner of the arch
...
Premolars are a cross between canines and molars
...
The
pointed cusps hold and grind the food
...
There are
two sets of premolars in the permanent dentition and NO premolars in the primary dentition
...
The molars have more cusps than other teeth that are
used to chew or grind up food
...
In each quadrant there are five permanent teeth (central, lateral, canine, premolars) that
succeed or take the place of the five primary teeth (central, lateral, canine, molars), they are
called succedaneous teeth
...
Maxillary Central Incisor
MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR
4 IN NUMBER
FOR SHEARING OR CUTTING
HAS INCISAL
WIDEST MESIODISTALLY
CROWN IS NEARLY SYMMETRICAL
DEVELOPED FROM 4 DEVELOPMENTAL LOBES
ERUPTS AT AROUND 7 to 8 YEARS OLD
AVERAGE CROWN 10
...
LABIAL ASPECT
GENERALLY SMOOTH
8 to 9mm
...
MESIOINCISAL ANGLE IS SHARP
DISTAL OUTLINE
MORE CONVEX THAN THE MESIAL
CREST OF CURVATURE- SLIGHTLY HIGHER
DISTOINCISAL ANGLE IS NOT SHARP (CONVEX)
INCISAL OUTLINE
REGULAR & STRAIGHT
TENDS TO CURVE DOWNWARD
TOWARD THE CENTER (LONGER ON THE CENTER)
CERVICAL OUTLINE
SEMICIRCULAR
TOWARDS THE ROOT
CREST OF CURVATURE
MORE ON THE DISTAL
ROOT
CONE SHAPED
BLUNT APEX
2
...
LONGER THAN THE CROWN
ROOT IS DISTALLY INCLINED
LINGUAL ASPECT
HAS CONVEXITIES CONCAVITY
CERVICAL LINE SAME AS THAT ON THE LABIAL
HAS PROMINENT CINGULUM,DEVELOPMENTAL GROOVE, MARGINAL RIDGES, LINGUAL FOSSA
CROWN ROOT TAPER LINGUALLY
CROSS SECTION AT THE CERVIX TRIANGULAR WITH ROUNDED ANGLES
MESIAL ASPECT
OUTLINE FORM TRIANGULAR
INCISAL RIDGE IN LINE WITH THE ROOT APEX
CREST OF CURVATURE IMMEDIATELY BELOW THE CERVICAL LINE (LABIAL LINGUAL)
CERVICAL LINE
CURVES INCISALLY
GREATER MESIALLY COMPARED TO OTHER TOOTH
3 TO 4mm DEEP
ROOT
CONE SHAPED
BLUNTLY ROUND APEX
DISTAL ASPECT
HAS THE IMPRESSION OF BEING THICKER ON THE INCISAL 3rd
...
GREATER RELATIVE FACIOLINGUAL MEASUREMENT AS COMPARED WITH THE MESIODISTAL
MEASUREMENT
...
BROADER CONTACT AREAS
...
NEARLY AT THE SAME LEVEL
4
...
L
...
SHORTER CROWN COMPARED WITH ANTERIOR TEETH
...
Width of the crown is 2mm
...
Buccal surface is convex, showing strong development of the middle buccal lobe
buccal from cusp tip to the buccal cervical margin
...
represented broad curvature immediately occlusal to the midpoint of the crown (middle 3rd)
Buccal cusp ridges:
Mesial straight and longer than the distal slope which is shorter and more curved
...
broader than the mesial a little more occlusal
Root
3 TO 4MM shorter than those of the maxillary canine
Root form bears close resemblance with the canine