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ANIMAL COMMUNICATION
• Animal communication is the passage of information b/w two animals
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• Animal communication is also known as Biological communication
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TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
a) Intraspecific communication
communication within a single species e
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Honeybee dance
b) Interspecific communication
Prey to predator e
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warning colouration in wasps
Predator to prey Some predators communicate to prey make them easier to catch, in effect
deceiving them
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g
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Reciever : An individual which recieves signal
Signal : The behaviour emitted by the signaller
Channels : A pathway through which normally a signal travels
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e means of communication)
• Visual
• Auditory
• Chemical
• Tactile
• Electrical
• Suface vibration
VISUAL COMMUNICATION
• Information transmitted by visual means is called visual communication
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➢ colour identification
➢ light etc
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• Light as a visual means is used in night
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• It was decoded by Karl von Frisch in 1965
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Round dance - If source of nectar is less than about 100m away
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• Runs around in narrow circles, suddenly reversing direction to her original course
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• Essentially says "there is food closeby, get out and find the food, which smells like this
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Communicates both
distance and direction
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• While running the straight-line course of the dance, the bee wags abdomen, vigorously
sideways
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2) Postures
• Some mammal species give specific signals by the position adopted by head, ears & tail e
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• Retraction of lips to display teeth - threat display
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• When an animal exhibits a behavior that can be seen by other animals, it is called a display
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• Male peacock exhibits a visual display as part of its courtship rituals
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• Luminuous insects are glow worms and their relatives the fireflies example of light producing
fish includes Anglerfishes
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• Sound is a good means of communicating over long distances both in air and water
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Calls of mammals and birds – vocal origin ; sound produced by crickets is rhythmic
oscillation of forewings
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• It is better than visual signals in getting attention of a reciever
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• Red squirrels will make a series of loud rattles and screeches to warn off intruders
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Each dolphin also has its own
unique whistling sound that it uses to identify itself
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ODOUR OR CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION
• Molecules used for chemical communication between individual animals are called
pheromones
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• Odour signals can transmit informations in dark, can travel long distances, can last for hours or
number of days
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• Chemical messages that pass between animals of the same species
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EXAMPLES
• Female silkworm attract males by releasing a pheromone bombykol
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• Alarm pheromones are produced in ants in the form of formic acid to protect themselves
from enemies
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• A female gypsy moth may influence male moths few kilometres away by producing a
pheromone called "disparlure"
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TACTILE COMMUNICATION
• Information transmitted in the form of physical contact (touch signal) is called tactile
communication
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g 1) Female primates often hold and frequently cuddle their young
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Two worker ants in tactile communication
ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
• It is a means of communication in some fishes
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• Sharks detect the electric field produced by prey flatfish that are buried in the sand by a
specialized organ called the ampulla of lorenzini
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SURFACE VIBRATIONS
• In some animals information may be communicated by patterns of surface vibrations
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g
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• Cannibalistic male spiders vibrate threads of web of his prospective partner communicating
that it is not a prey
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Jayne Yack of Carlton University in Ottawa, found that the walnut sphinx caterpillar has a
special way of communication with its predators
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• Sound is made by blowing air out of two holes found in the abdominal spiracles
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CONCLUSION
Animals do communicate which involves information transfer from the sender to a receiver
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No animals have however evolved the sophistication of the human language - communication
system
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