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THE ELBOW

INTRODUCTION
• IMPORTANCE
• CARRYING ANGLE
Varies with gender: Males: 5-10 degrees, Female: >15 degrees
190 degrees
>15 degrees- cubitus valgus
<5 degrees- cubitus varus
*Younger- fracture, ligaments stonger than bone
Older- dislocation (most common:posterior),
bone stronger than ligaments
ELBOW
• CARRYING ANGLE
Horizontal axis: in valgus- internally rotated
which will result into the formation of the carrying
angle
OSTEOLOGY
• DISTAL HUMERUS
Distal humerus is triangular in shape, 2 columns: lateral and medial
...

In between the 2 columns is the trochlea
...
Posteriorly, is the olecranon fossa
...

Above trochlea is olecranon fossa
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In between the coronoid fossa anteriorly and
the olecranon fossa posteriorly, separated by
a thin bone (a part that makes up the elbow
joint) – in growing children, most common area that sustains a fracture
...
Anterior band (major contributor)
arises from medial epicondyle and inserts into
the coronoid tubercle; cordlike

Dr
...
PROFUNDA BRACHII/ PROFUNDA ARTERY
-first branch (of brachial artery) immediately
below the teres major
-goes behind the humerus, gives rise to 2
branches once it reaches intermuscular septum at lateral aspect of humerus
-2 branches:
a
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Posterior branch
2
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INFERIOR ULNAR COLLATERAL ARTERY
4
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Radial artery
-gives rise to only one branch:
Radial recurrent artery
b
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Common Interosseus artery
-gives rise to 2 branches: Anterior Interosseus and Posterior Interosseus- gives
rise to Interosseus recurrent that participates in the formation of the anastomoses
2
...
Posterior Ulnar Recurrent
COLLATERAL CIRCULATION/ANASTOMOSES (allows
distal portions to survive when certain levels of brachial
artery are transected):

VENOUS CIRCULATION
-found on superficial fascia
Veins that cross the elbow joint:
1
...
Basilic vein- arises from the ulnar dorsal venous arch, goes up medial to the biceps
brachii, eventually joining the vena commitantes (accompanying brachial veins)
forming Axillary vein
3
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Profunda vein- tip aspect of forearm; eventually ends up in the Anterior median vein
5
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John Lorenz Beleno

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In relation to lateral epicondyle:
1
...
Posterior: Interosseus recurrent joins the posterior branch of Profunda brachii
3
...
Distally: Radial recurrent and interosseus recurrent
In relation to medial epiondyle:
1
...
Posterior: Posterior ulnar recurrent artery with
the superior ulnar collateral artery and the posterior branch of the inferior ulnar collateral artery

ANATOMY

▪

2
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Oblique component- insignificant
LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
-3 components:
1
...
Radial collateral ligament
3
...
Medial epicondyle
2
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Olecranon process

DR
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Subtendinonus
Between olecranon process and tendon of
triceps
When irritated/ excessive flexion and extension especially flexion -> pain
2
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Subcutaneous bursa of medial epicondyle
4
...
Bursa of onconius muscle
6

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