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THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN
OF THE UNIVERSE

In an effort to make sense of the universe:
* humans used religion,
* traditions, philosophy,
* science to describe its origin and
* structure
...

The Hindu text Rigveda describes the universe as un oscillating universe in which a
"cosmic egg" or Brahmanda containing the whole universe-including the sun, moon, planets,
and space-expands out of a single concentrated point called Bindu, and will eventually collapse
again
...
At some point in time, this mixture was set in
motion by the action of the "nous" or mind
...


The Greek philosophers Leucippus and Democritus believed in an atomic universe composed
of very small, indivisible, and indestructible atoms
...

The Stoic philosophers of ancient Greece believed that the universe is like a giant living
body, with the sun and the stars as the most important parts to which all the other parts are
interconnected
...
According to Descartes, the vacuum of
space was not empty but rather filled with matter that swirled around in large and small
vortices
...

Sir Isaac Newton published his Principia, which described a static, steady-state infinite
universe
...


A model of the universe assumed by Albert Einstein in his theory of relativity was no different
from Newton's in that it was a static dynamically stable universe, which was neither expanding
nor contracting
...

He later abandoned this part of the theory when, in 1929, Edwin Hubble showed that the
universe was not static
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The big bang theory
describes the universe as originating from an infinitely tiny, infinitely dense point or singularity
between 13 to 14 billion years ago (or Gya or gigay ears ago)
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Fred Hoyle/Thomas Gold/Herman Bondi ~ they proposed the steady state theory
predicted a universe that expanded but did not change density, matter was inserted into the
universe as it expanded in order to maintain a constant density
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He incorporated a short, early period of exponential cosmic inflation in order to solve the
horizon and flatness problems of the standard big bang model
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Another variation of the inflationary universe is the cyclic model developed
by Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok in 2002, incorporating the superstring theory
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✓ This theory sees our universe as just one of many "bubbles" that grew as a part of a
multiverse
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